The Effects of Caffeine and Directed Attention on Acoustic Startle Habituation

Schicatano, Edward J.; Blumenthal, Terry D.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00384-5

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Caffeine has been shown to increase startle response magnitudes (Andrews et al 1998;Flaten and Blumenthal 1999;Schicatano and Blumenthal 1994;Schicatano and Blumenthal 1995;Schicatano and Blumenthal 1998). The present study demonstrated that this effect was modulated by expectation.…”

Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Csupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In accordance with this hypothesis, decreased startle response magnitude has been demonstrated when attention was captured by stimuli that differed from the sensory modality of the startle-eliciting probe (Anthony and Graham 1985;Filion et al 1998, for review). Finally, Schicatano and Blumenthal (1998) showed that auditory startle response amplitudes were decreased when attention was captured by a visual search task after the administration of caffeine. Thus, it has been suggested that sufficient attentional resources are necessary for the processing of the startle probe to reveal caffeine's typical effect of increasing startle response magnitudes (Schicatano and Blumenthal 1998).…”

Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, Schicatano and Blumenthal (1998) showed that auditory startle response amplitudes were decreased when attention was captured by a visual search task after the administration of caffeine. Thus, it has been suggested that sufficient attentional resources are necessary for the processing of the startle probe to reveal caffeine's typical effect of increasing startle response magnitudes (Schicatano and Blumenthal 1998). …”

Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of anxiety sensitivity and expectations on the modulation of the startle eyeblink response during a caffeine challenge

et al. 2015

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Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Csupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expectancy Effects On Startle Response Modulation During a Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of anxiety sensitivity and expectations on the modulation of the startle eyeblink response during a caffeine challenge

et al. 2015

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“…Acri et al 1994;Kumari and Gray 1999;Schicatano and Blumenthal 1995;Swerdlow et al 2003Swerdlow et al , 2000 and attention (e.g. Peeke and Peeke 1984;Schicatano and Blumenthal 1998). Importantly, methodological variation likely also contributes to the variation in findings in human studies particularly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations to pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) in chronic cannabis users are secondary to sustained attention deficits

Scholes

Martin‐Iverson

2009

Psychopharmacology

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“…Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that startle response is attenuated when attention is directed to a different modality than the startle probe (Schicatano & Blumenthal, 1998), particularly when the task to be completed in this modality is complex (Neumann, 2002). Similarly, less potentiation has been found when subjects were engaged in a demanding cognitive task (Vytal, Cornwell, Arkin, & Grillon, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Reactivity during Anticipation and Perception of Affective Pictures

et al. 2014

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The focus of the present study was on further exploring anticipatory responses to emotional stimuli by measuring the eyeblink startle reflex in a variation of the picture-picture affective learning procedure. Participants (113 undergraduate women) were not explicitly instructed before the experiment began. Instead, they had to learn the specific relations between cues (geometrical shapes) and emotional pictures based on pairings during the first part of the task. Plausible contingency learning effects were tested afterwards, in a parallel sequence of trials including auditory probes during cues and pictures processing during the second part of the task. Results did show the typical affective startle modulation pattern during perception, linear F(1, 200) = 52.67, p < .0001, but unexpected inhibition for both pleasant and unpleasant, compared to neutral cues, during anticipation, quadratic F(1, 200) = 7.07, p < .009. All patterns of startle modulation were independent of cue-picture contingency awareness (all interactions Fs < 1). Skin conductance changes showed the predictable quadratic trend either during picture perception or anticipatory periods (greater activity for emotional vs. neutral; overall quadratic F(1, 224) = 7.04, p < .01), only for participants fully aware of the cue-picture contingency, quadratic F(1, 158) = 5.86, p < .02. Overall, our results during anticipation (cues processing) seem to suggest that more resources were allocated to highly arousing pictures that engage attention. Differences between the present results and prior research may be attributed to procedural variations in the sample, cues, or instructions. Future studies should also explore in more detail the role of the contingency awareness during anticipation.

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The Effects of Caffeine and Directed Attention on Acoustic Startle Habituation

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of anxiety sensitivity and expectations on the modulation of the startle eyeblink response during a caffeine challenge

Effects of anxiety sensitivity and expectations on the modulation of the startle eyeblink response during a caffeine challenge

Alterations to pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) in chronic cannabis users are secondary to sustained attention deficits

Emotional Reactivity during Anticipation and Perception of Affective Pictures

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