The Effects of APU Characteristics on the Design of Hybrid Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Notice of Retraction: Optimal Power Split in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Improved Dynamic Programming

“…In Fig.3 fuel rate is deliberately presented as a function of engine power P ft using separate curves for different engine speed ω , data is provided by PSAT and e-line is done according to (2), in this paper, it is considered as piecewise linear function, engine speed is controlled via generator, as engine have mechanical relation with generator, by a PI controller to guarantee engine to operate in e-line. …”

“…In literature, various attempts have been applied to this problem, "thermostat" and "power follow" control strategy [2]- [6], aim of them is to optimize the efficiency such as engine or battery running in efficient zone; rule control strategy combines the "thermostat" and "power follow" merits [7]; static optimization approach is described in [8], it determines the power of generator by estimating the parameter of controller; classical optimal approach is applied in [9]- [10], which is a analysis optimization method; Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategies is described in [11]- [12], it is recognized that the electrical energy and fuel energy are not directly comparable, so an equivalence factor is needed and evaluated by considering average energy paths from the fuel to the batteries; linear and nonlinear methods are applied in [13], which considers the efficiency of engine or/and battery is constant.…”

A Comprehensive Overview of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

“…Deterministic instantaneous methods include power follower control, thermostat [30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and state machine [37]. Energy management problem for HEV is a multidisciplinary, time-varying, and nonlinear optimal problem; fuzzy logic control seems to be the most logical approach to the problem.…”

Analysis of the Fuel Economy Benefit of Drivetrain Hybridization

“…A power-follower control strategy, as discussed by Anderson and Pettit, is one in which the HPU power is dictated by the tractive motor power, but perhaps limited in its rate-of-change [20].…”