The effects of antecedent moisture conditions on the relationship of hydrology to hydrochemistry in a small forested watershed

Biron, Pascale M.; Roy, Alain; Courschesne, François; Hendershot, William H.; Côté, Benoît; Fyles, James W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19990815)13:11<1541::aid-hyp832>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 88 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Groundwater table information was used to define the concept of saturation excess overland flow (Dunne and Black, 1970a, b). Continuous groundwater table data were used in the studies of storm runoff processes (Peters et al, 2003;Latron and Gallart, 2008;Penna et al, 2011;Biron et al, 1999). Data on the groundwater table depth prior to a given flood event are essential to obtain useful results on runoff response.…”

Section: S Han Et Al: Runoff Formation In Agricultural North Huaihementioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China

Han

Wang

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Runoff formation at an experimental plot (1600 m 2 ), a field (0.06 km 2 ), and a small catchment (1.36 km 2 ) with a shallow groundwater table and a dense drainage system in the agricultural North Huaihe River Plain (China) was analysed based on the observed rainfall, runoff, and groundwater table data of 30 storm events that occurred during the 1997 to 2008 flood seasons. The surface runoff was collected and measured at the outlet of the furrow of the experimental plot, whereas the total runoff was collected and measured at the outlets of the drainage ditches of the field and the small catchment. The present study showed that the relatively narrow range of rainfall amounts resulted in significantly different runoff amounts at the 3 scales. When the groundwater is close to the surface, the runoff amount is a large percentage of the total rainfall. The difference in rainfall and runoff amounts was regressed against changes in the groundwater table, and a significant linear relationship was determined. Significant rainfall-runoff relationships were indicated for the events divided into 3 groups according to the initial groundwater table depths (as indicators of the antecedent moisture conditions): less than 0.5 m, more than 2.1 m, or between 0.5 m and 2.1 m. These findings suggest that saturation excess surface flow dominated the runoff response, particularly when the groundwater table was shallow. For almost all events, the groundwater table rose above the bottom of the drainage ditch. The total runoff amounts were larger both at the field and at the catchment than at the plot with only the surface runoff collected, which shows a considerable contribution of subsurface flow. Groundwater table depth, which indicates antecedent moisture conditions and influences lateral sub-surface flow to the drainage ditches, is an important parameter that influences runoff formation in catchments, including the study area with a shallow groundwater table and a dense drainage system.

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Section: S Han Et Al: Runoff Formation In Agricultural North Huaihementioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China

Han

Wang

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Studies in small forested catchments in both Mediterranean and humid regions have shown abrupt streamwater chemistry changes during storm events (see Meyer et al, 1988 for a thorough review, Mulholland et al, 1990;Ávila et al, 1992;Arheimer et al, 1996;Brown et al, 1999;Biron et al, 1999;Hagedorn et al, 2000;Butturini and Sabater, 2000). These short-term variations may be of major importance when solute output fluxes from a catchment have to be estimated because solute concentrations do not vary linearly with discharge (Arheimer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These short-term variations may be of major importance when solute output fluxes from a catchment have to be estimated because solute concentrations do not vary linearly with discharge (Arheimer et al, 1996). Changes in concentration of DOC and nitrate are often erratic and depend on the intensity of rainfall and on antecedent soil moisture conditions (Ávila et al, 1992;Britton et al, 1993;Brown et al, 1999;Biron et al, 1999), catchment characteristics (i.e. soil type, land use, altitude, topography) and seasonality of biological processes (Arheimer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the potential seasonality of solute short-term variations induced by storms has not been studied widely. Futhermore, several studies have suggested a relationship between the antecedent moisture conditions and changes in DOC concentration during storms (Brown et al, 1999;Biron et al, 1999). Butturini and Sabater (2000), for example, reported a seasonality of DOC concentrations during storms not related to the duration of the inter-storm period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment

Bernal

Butturini

Sabater

2002

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Severe drought periods followed by intense rainfall often leads to major floods in Mediterranean catchments. The resulting hydrology is complex and the response of solutes in the streams is often unpredictable. This study aimed to identify the most relevant factors controlling the hydrological responses to storms of an intermittent Mediterranean stream and to link those factors with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate during storm events. Measurements of climate, hydrology, DOC and nitrate concentrations during 26 storm events over three hydrological years were analysed. The contribution of the storm events to the total DOC and nitrate annual export was also calculated. Nitrate was mainly mobilised during high flow, while most of the DOC export occurred during baseflow. Solute concentrations peaked after drought periods and the solute export was maximal during the largest rainfalls (i.e.>100 L m -2 ). One single large storm contributed some 22% of the total annual export of DOC, and about 80% of that of nitrate. Discharge was a good predictor of neither DOC nor nitrate responses, so variables other than discharge were considered. Factor Analysis was used to identify the main factors controlling the biogeochemical responses. Antecedent moisture conditions and the magnitude of the storm event were the most relevant factors and accounted for 63% of the total variance. Solute responses during high flow were highly variable. However, solute concentration changes showed a significant and moderate relationship with the factors controlling the hydrological responses (i.e. ∆ DOC v. the antecedent moisture conditions and ∆ NO 3 -N v. the magnitude of the storm event).

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“…The measurement frequency was four per hour (Biron et al, 1999 Foliage and stem wood samples were oven-dried for 48 h at 65ºC and then finely ground (about 50 μm). Foliage and the outer 10 cm of the stem wood, excluding the bark, were digested in a clean room environment at 80°C for 16 hours.…”

Section: Field Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining soil mineral weathering 87Sr/86Sr for calcium apportionment studies of a deciduous forest growing on soils developed from granitoid igneous rocks

et al. 2012

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Abstracts:We used 87 Sr/ 86 Sr as a proxy for Ca to apportion the contribution of atmospheric deposition and soil mineral weathering sources to the Ca pools in trees in a small forested watershed of southern Quebec. The effects of topography and forest stand composition were assessed by dividing the watershed into three study zones representing two elevations and differences in tree species. Apportionment calculations show that all tree species studied contained Ca that is dominantly sourced from soil mineral weathering (averaging 85%), due to the presence in the soils of easily weathered Ca-bearing minerals such as calcite and apatite as well as the relatively deep rooting habits (reaching the mineral soil) of the tree species. Calcium pools in trees are shifted towards the atmospheric component on hilltops due to the filtering of dry aerosols of the tree canopies which are more exposed to atmospheric circulation than trees at the bottom of the slopes, although some variability in soil bulk chemistry and mineralogy in the watershed obscures the full extent of this phenomenon. The buildup and recycling of Ca in the soilvegetation system, with the forest floor acting as the major accessible Ca pool for the tree roots, must be considered when interpreting apportionment calculations. This work supports other Ca cycling models in forests suggesting that topography can influence the balance of Ca captured from atmospheric sources by trees, even in cases where mineral weathering is the dominant source of Ca nutrition in trees.

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The effects of antecedent moisture conditions on the relationship of hydrology to hydrochemistry in a small forested watershed

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China

Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China

Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment

Constraining soil mineral weathering 87Sr/86Sr for calcium apportionment studies of a deciduous forest growing on soils developed from granitoid igneous rocks

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