The Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate

Chin, Kok‐Yong; Wong, Sok Kuan; Sidik, Fadhlullah Zuhair Japar; Hamid, Juliana Abdul; Abas, Nurul Hafizah; Ramli, Elvy Suhana Mohd; Mokhtar, Sabarul Afian; Sakthiswary, Rajalingham

doi:10.3390/ijerph16162897

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…OA was induced in SD rats; we employed the method of Wang with minor modifications [ 32 ]. After anesthetization with injection of Zoletil mixture (Vibrac, France) 0.75 mg/kg intraperitoneally, rats were injected with MIA 80 mg/mL in a 50 μ L volume using a 0.3 mL insulin syringe (31G needle) inserted through the patellar ligament into the intra-articular space of the right knee; normal rats were injected with an equivalent volume of saline [ 33 ]. The rats in all groups were sacrificed after the end of experimental period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Mycelium on the Development of Osteoarthritis after Monosodium Iodoacetate Injection

Shin

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the protective effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium (PLM) and its possible mechanisms in a model of monosodium iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. Intra-articular injection of MIA was injected to 50 μL with 80 mg/mL using a 0.3 mL insulin syringe into the right knee joint. Changes in hindpaw weight-bearing distribution between the right (osteoarthritic) and left (contralateral control) legs were used as an index of joint discomfort. PLM (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered once daily for 14 days from day 7 after MIA treatment. And then, various factors associated with inflammatory response and cartilage degeneration in cartilage tissues detected by western blotting. Results. PLM treatment showed a concentration-dependent elevation in change in hindpaw weight-bearing distribution (HWBD). PLM200 demonstrated the capacity to significantly increase HWBD, indicating that the change in weight-bearing distribution means the reduction of spontaneous pain. Our results indicate that PLM suppressed the inflammatory factors via NF-κB signaling pathway induced by p38 phosporlyation. Moreover, PLM200 exhibited a significant reduction of ROS produced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. PLM100 and PLM200 inhibited the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, one of proteinase that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM). Conclusions. Taken together, our results indicated that PLM has a strong chondroprotective effect through the suppression both ROS production and inflammation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Mycelium on the Development of Osteoarthritis after Monosodium Iodoacetate Injection

Shin

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Both γT3 and δT3 were capable of decreasing inflammation (reduced CRP and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (increased SOD and total glutathione (GSH)) in the CIA rats [169,170]. A recent study showed that annatto tocotrienol at 100 mg/kg prevented cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate, as evidenced by reduced histological scoring and circulating cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level in the treated rats [171]. Taken together, findings from these studies suggested that T3 may be effective in protecting against arthritis-induced joint damage (Table 10).…”

Section: Effects Of Tocotrienol On Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

et al. 2020

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Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 2 of 84 Nutrients 2020, 12, 259 4 of 84 the order δ > γ > β > α [45]. Using HepG2 cells, γT3 was shown to stimulate apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) degradation by decreasing its translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. This action eventually caused a reduction in the number of Apo-B in lipoprotein particles [46]. Other reports showed that γT3 and δT3 had the potential to reduce the hepatic TG synthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion by suppressing expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, particularly the TG, cholesterol, and VLDL biosynthesis. Moreover, δT3 also promoted the efflux of LDL through LDL receptor expression [47]. A summary of the literature on effect of T3 supplementation on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic model in vitro is shown in Table 1.Animal models of dyslipidemia have been used to investigate the effects of T3 on lipid profile. Several animals have been tested, including chicken, swine and rodents (rats, hamsters, guinea pigs). In chickens fed with a varying level of αTF and γT3, Qureshi et al. (1996) showed that αTF enhanced the inhibition of HMGCR by γT3. They further stipulated that the vitamin E mixture should contain 15-20% of αTF and approximately 60% of γT3 or δT3 for optimal anti-cholesterol effects [48]. In the subsequent study, demonstrated that combination of 50 ppm T3-rich fraction (TRF) and 50 ppm lovastatin was more effective in suppressing HMGCR activity compared to lovastatin alone in chickens. The combination also reduced serum TC and LDL-C, TG, Apo-B, thromboxane B 2 , and platelet factor 4 in contrast to individual treatment [49]. Using chicken supplemented with 50 ppm of δT3, Qureshi et al. (2011) further revealed that δT3 reduced TC and LDL-C besides suppressing the lipid elevating effects of dexamethasone and potentiated the TG-lowering effect of riboflavin [50]. Using genetically hypercholesterolemic swine, Qureshi et al. (1991) demonstrated the significant effect of TRF in lowering serum TC, LDL-C, Apo-B, thrombo...

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“…45 In an animal model of OA, it was shown that supplementation with annatto-derived tocotrienol (100 mg/kg) prevented cartilage degradation, which may prevent the progression of OA. 46…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin E: Nanoformulations to Enhance Bioavailability</p>

Zaffarin¹,

Ng²,

Ng³

et al. 2020

IJN

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The Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Mycelium on the Development of Osteoarthritis after Monosodium Iodoacetate Injection

Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Mycelium on the Development of Osteoarthritis after Monosodium Iodoacetate Injection

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

<p>Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin E: Nanoformulations to Enhance Bioavailability</p>

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