The Effects of an Irrelevant Directional CUE on Human Information Processing

Simon, Jessica

doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(08)61218-2

Cited by 588 publications

(572 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

552

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, these studies only offer indirect evidence for the and ‗boo', that were learned through the instructions of the location-relevant tasks. As such, their results are based on the Simon effect (see, Simon, 1990 for a review), and it is unclear if an instruction-based response activation could equally be observed without the presence this latter effect.…”

Section: Instruction-based Response Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instruction-based task-rule congruency effects.

Liefooghe¹,

Wenke²,

Houwer³

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

105

295

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study investigated the functional characteristics of task-sets that were never applied before and were formed only on the basis of instructions. We tested if such task-sets could elicit a task-rule congruency effect, which implies the automatic activation of responses in the context of another task. To this end, a novel procedure was developed that revealed instruction-based task-rule congruency effects in two experiments. Although the effect seems quite general (Experiment 1) it still necessitates the formation of a task-set as it cannot be induced by the mere maintenance of instructions in declarative working memory (Experiment 2). We conclude that a task-set representing only key features of an upcoming task can be formed on the basis of instructions alone to such a degree that it can automatically trigger a response tendency in another task. Implications of our results for the impact of instructions on performance in general, and for the occurrence of task-rule congruency effects in particular, are discussed.Keywords: task-set, task switching, task-rule congruency, instructions INSTRUCTION-BASED TASK-RULE CONGRUENCY EFFECTS 3 Instruction-based task-rule congruency effectsGoal-directed behavior is assumed to be based on task-sets that specify and group the control settings of different task-related processes, such as stimulus identification, response selection, and response execution (e.g., Vandierendonck, Liefooghe, & Verbruggen, 2010).While the functional properties of task-sets have been studied extensively in the taskswitching paradigm (see, Kiesel et al., 2010;Monsell, 2003;Vandierendonck et al., 2010 for reviews), only little is known on how task-sets are formed when the instructions of a particular task are presented. This is surprising because it seems obvious that instructions play an important role, for instance, by indicating which task to perform or how a task must be performed. Accordingly, the present study further investigated the functional characteristics of task-sets formed only on the basis of instructions. We tested if a task-set that is formed on the basis of instructions meant for a particular task that has not yet been executed, can elicit automatic response tendencies despite being irrelevant in the context of another task. This was done by using the task-rule congruency effect. Task-Rule CongruencyThe task-rule congruency effect is a robust finding in task-switching studies that require participants to switch between two tasks (e.g., shape or color judgment) that share stimuli (e.g., colored shapes) and responses (e.g., a left or right response key; see, Kiesel et al., 2010;Monsell, 2003; Vandierendonck et al., 2010 for reviews). Each response thus has two -meanings‖ (e.g., circle and red for the left response and square and green for the right response) and stimuli trigger these two meanings, with one related to the relevant task and the other related to the irrelevant task. The task-rule congruency effect refers to the finding that RTs are shorter when both respo...

show abstract

Section: Instruction-based Response Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instruction-based task-rule congruency effects.

Liefooghe¹,

Wenke²,

Houwer³

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

105

295

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…So far, however, modelbased evidence comes mainly from studies on simple perceptual decisions (Ho et al, 2012;Rae et al, in press). More complex tasks involving, for instance, response conflicts (e.g., Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974;Simon, 1990;Stroop, 1935) were hardly considered because the applicability of standard sequential models to such data is limited White et al, 2011). Thus, although there is ample evidence that also higher perceptual decisions follow the typical function of speed and accuracy, the exact underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time pressure affects the efficiency of perceptual processing in decisions under conflict

Dambacher

Hübner

2014

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The negative correlation between speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making is often explained as a tradeoff, where lowered decision boundaries under time pressure result in faster but more error-prone responses. Corresponding implementations in sequential sampling models confirmed the success of this account, which has led to the prevalent assumption that a second component of decision making, the efficiency of perceptual processing, is largely independent from temporal demands. To test the generality of this claim, we examined time pressure effects on decisions under conflict. Data from a flanker task were fit with a sequential sampling model that

show abstract

“…Many demonstrations of action co-representation in task-sharing contexts have used the Simon task (Simon, 1990;Simon, Hinrichs, & Craft, 1970). The basic Simon effect occurs if spatially defined responses, such as left and right key presses, are made to non-spatial form attributes, like for example, a diamond or square that is presented on the left or right side of a monitor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial-to-trial sequential dependencies in a social and non-social Simon task

Liepelt

Wenke

Fischer

et al. 2010

Psychological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent research has shown that joint-action effects in a social Simon task provide a good index of action co-representation. The present study aimed to specify the mechanisms underlying joint action by considering trial-to-trial transitions. Using non-social stimuli, we assigned a Simon task to two participants. Each was responsible for only one of two possible responses. This task was performed alone (Individual go/nogo task) and in cooperation with another person who was sitting alongside (Joint go/nogo task). As a further control task, we added a Standard Simon task. Replicating previous findings (Sebanz et al. in Cognition 88:B11-B21, 2003), we found no spatial compatibility effect in the Individual go/nogo task but we did find one in the Joint go/nogo task. A more detailed analysis showed that a sequential modulation of the Simon effect was present in both the Joint and the Individual go/nogo tasks. We found reliable Simon effects in trials following Simon compatible trials not only in the Joint go/nogo task but also to a somewhat smaller extent in the Individual go/nogo task. For both these go/nogo tasks, sequential modulation effects were stronger for nogo/go transitions than for go/go transitions. This suggests that low-level feature binding and repetition mechanisms contribute to the social Simon effect related to the specific requirement not to respond on nogo trials.

show abstract

The Effects of an Irrelevant Directional CUE on Human Information Processing

Cited by 588 publications

References 91 publications

Instruction-based task-rule congruency effects.

Instruction-based task-rule congruency effects.

Time pressure affects the efficiency of perceptual processing in decisions under conflict

Trial-to-trial sequential dependencies in a social and non-social Simon task

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About