The effects of alcohol on pilot performance during instrument flight.

Ethanol effects on impulsivity in two mouse strains: similarities to diazepam and ketamine

“…For instance, ethanol impairs divided attention (Billings et al 1991;West et al 1993) and sustained attention in continuous performance tasks (Dougherty et al 2000;Rohrbaugh et al 1988). In these tasks, the person is usually required to respond repeatedly to brief stimuli, which involves high demands on attentional capacity.…”

Perceiving the Effects of Ethanol Intoxication on Voice

“…For example, it has been demonstrated that the consumption of even moderate amounts of alcohol can impair cognitive function. [1][2][3][4][5] Ingesting alcohol can also adversely affect sensory-monitor performance, such as eye-hand coordination, 6 reaction time, 7,8 flying, 9 vision, 10 and handwriting. 11 Because the motor speech and voice act represents the output of several high-level, integrated systems (sensory, cognitive, and motor), it is reasonable to suggest that speech too may be susceptible to the degrading effects of alcohol consumption.…”

Effects of Moderate and High Doses of Alcohol on Attention, Impulsivity, Discriminability, and Response Bias in Immediate and Delayed Memory Task Performance

“…Although research has shown fairly consistently that alcohol impairs performance on a variety of complex tasks that require divided attention (e.g., driving, flying, and operating machinery; Billings et al, 1991;Leigh et al, 1977;Marks and MacAvoy, 1989;Moskowitz, 1984;West et al, 1993;Yesavage and Leirer, 1986), research has not shown the same consistent results from concentrated attention tasks. As a result, some researchers have concluded that concentrated attention (or vigilance) tasks are insensitive or at least much less sensitive to the effects of alcohol than the more complex divided attention tasks.…”