The Effects of Alcohol on Conflict Behavior in the Albino Rat

Conger, John J.

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1951.12.001

Cited by 252 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…A recent laboratory‐based study (Jones et al, ), however, suggests that it is beliefs about self‐control, rather than changes in disinhibition, that link depletion and alcohol use (Christiansen, Cole, & Field, ). Consistently, McKirnan et al () noted individual differences in people's proclivities to escape through substances and other risky behaviors (Hull & Bond, ) and also with regard to their expectancies regarding the effects of certain substances for facilitating cognitive escape (e.g., tension reduction; Conger, , ; Cooper, Russell, Skinner, Frone, & Mudar, ). Ultimately, exhausting self‐control resources to manage and respond to stigma‐related stress is likely to make it difficult for individuals to thwart the initiation and escalation of substance misuse.…”

Section: Pathways To Substance Misuse Among Individuals With Csismentioning

confidence: 88%

Pathways Between Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Substance Misuse

Talley¹,

Littlefield²

2014

Social & Personality Psych

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Individuals with concealable stigmatized identities often possess no obviously devalued attributes, yet are at greater risk for problematic substance use compared to their privileged counterparts. We present a conceptual model, which proposes that identity-relevant content and characteristics have important implications for cognitive, affective, and behavioral consequences of stigma-related stress. In doing so, we synthesize stigma-related models from the extant literature and attempt to integrate these concepts with previous work detailing potential contributors to substance use behaviors specifically. Finally, we ask readers to consider the various ways in which the content and characteristics of an individual’s stigmatized identity might combine with situational and additional individual difference factors to influence the likelihood of substance misuse.

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Section: Pathways To Substance Misuse Among Individuals With Csismentioning

confidence: 88%

Pathways Between Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Substance Misuse

Talley¹,

Littlefield²

2014

Social & Personality Psych

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“…The Tension Reduction Model (TRM) of alcohol use focuses on principles of negative reinforcement, positing that individuals learn to drink to avoid the aversive experience of stress‐induced negative emotional states (for a review, see Conger, ; Greeley and Oei, ). As such, risk for heavy drinking, the experience of alcohol‐related problems, and relapse is thought to increase with the number of stressful life events an individual experiences.…”

Section: Laboratory Models Of Anxiety and Drinking: Reevaluating The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Laboratory Paradigms in Alcohol Research

Plebani

Ray

Morean

et al. 2012

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Human laboratory studies have a long and rich history in the field of alcoholism. Human laboratory studies have allowed for advances in alcohol research in a variety of ways, including elucidating of the neurobehavioral mechanisms of risk, identifying phenotypically distinct sub-types of alcohol users, investigating of candidate genes underlying experimental phenotypes for alcoholism, and testing mechanisms of action of alcoholism pharmacotherapies on clinically-relevant translational phenotypes, such as persons exhibiting positive-like alcohol effects or alcohol craving. Importantly, the field of human laboratory studies in addiction has progressed rapidly over the past decade and has built upon earlier findings of alcohol's neuropharmacological effects to advancing translational research on alcoholism etiology and treatment. To that end, the new generation of human laboratory studies has focused on applying new methodologies, further refining alcoholism phenotypes, and translating these findings to studies of alcoholism genetics, medication development, and pharmacogenetics. The combination of experimental laboratory approaches with recent developments in neuroscience and pharmacology has been particularly fruitful in furthering our understanding of the impact of individual differences in alcoholism risk and in treatment response. This review of the literature focuses on human laboratory studies of subjective intoxication, alcohol craving, anxiety, and behavioral economics. Each section discusses opportunities for phenotype refinement under laboratory conditions, as well as its application to translational science of alcoholism. A summary and recommendations for future research are also provided.

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“…The "tension reduction hypothesis" (Conger, 1951(Conger, , 1956) is a model for relating alcohol and stress that has generated much controversy (e.g., Cappell & Herman, 1972). The hypothesis proposes a drive reduction model, which requires that the organism be in some high drive state (e.g., "tension") and emit the response of consuming alcohol.…”

Section: Tension Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and stress response dampening: Pharmacological effects, expectancy, and tension reduction.

Levenson¹,

Sher²,

Grossman³

et al. 1980

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

227

213

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Alcohol consumption and alcohol expectation were separately evaluated in terms of effects on psychophysiological levels prior to stress and reduction of the magnitude of response to stress. Ninety-six male, experienced drinkers were assigned to eight conditions in a between-subjects design in which beverage consumed (alcohol or tonic), beverage expected (alcohol or tonic), and stressor (self-disclosing speech or threat of shock) were manipulated. Dosage for subjects receiving alcohol was 1 g ethanol/kg body weight. Results indicated strong effects of alcohol consumption on prestress levels, consisting of accelerated heart rate (HR), lower HR variability, higher skin conductance, longer pulse transmission time (PTT), higher "cheerfulness" and lower "anxiety" (ANX). This pattern of effects is related to previous unsuccessful attempts to specify a simple relationship between alcohol consumption and "tension." In addition, alcohol consumption significantly reduced the magnitude of the HR, PTT, and ANX responses of subjects to the stressors. No effects attributable to alcohol expectation were found. These results are integrated with the existing literature concerned with pharmacological and cognitive effects of alcohol as they pertain to stress, psychophysiological responses to stress, and "tension reduction." Re 8 q e u n e e s r t°s S1 for reprints should be sent to Robert W. SnOWn tO indude heart rate < HR) aCCelera-Levenson,

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The Effects of Alcohol on Conflict Behavior in the Albino Rat

Cited by 252 publications

References 0 publications

Pathways Between Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Substance Misuse

Pathways Between Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Substance Misuse

Human Laboratory Paradigms in Alcohol Research

Alcohol and stress response dampening: Pharmacological effects, expectancy, and tension reduction.

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