The effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Talar, Karolina; Vetrovsky, Tomas; Haren, M. van; Négyesi, János; Granacher, Urs; Váczi, Márk; Martín-Arévalo, Elisa; Olmo, Miguel Fernández del; Kałamacka, Ewa; Hortobágyi, Tibor

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101738

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Ramos et al 31 showed that lower levels of literacy were associated with cognitive decline; the reason might be a lack of knowledge and skills, which negatively affects their cognitive function. In this study, participants who denied exercise habits were associated with cognitive decline, which is consistent with previous studies 1,32,33 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this study, participants who denied exercise habits were associated with cognitive decline, which is consistent with previous studies. 1,32,33 Compared with the elderly who reported good health status, the elderly who reported poor health status were more likely to suffer from cognitive decline, which might be related to the higher frequency of social activity participation in the elderly with self-reported good health. A higher frequency of social activity participation can promote the physical and mental health of the elderly, as well as the health of cognitive function.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Cognitive Decline In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey

Liang

Jiang²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Ibrain

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To explore the interaction of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and dual sensory function on cognition in the elderly. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in six general hospitals in China, from October 2022 to December 2022. Data collection included general information, IADLs scale, self‐reported sensory function questionnaire, and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and cognition. The interactive effect was evaluated by synergy index (S), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). The odds ratio (OR) of IADLs decline in cognition is 4.412 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.633–5.358, p < 0.001); the OR of dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 2.502 (95% CI: 1.272–4.921, p = 0.008). The OR of interaction between IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 13.737 (95% CI: 9.726–19.400, p < 0.001). RERI (95% CI) = 7.823 (3.230–12.417), AP (95% CI) = 0.570 (0.392–0.747), S (95% CI) = 2.593 (1.616–4.160). IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty are associated with cognitive decline. IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty have interaction with cognitive decline; the interaction is greater than the sum effect of those two on cognitive decline independently. Sensory and IADLs assessment can be used as early screening items for cognition among the elderly. In addition, protecting sensory function and maintaining IADLs in the elderly can help protect their cognition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Risk Factors Of Cognitive Decline In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey

Liang

Jiang²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Ibrain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In turn, it is likely to interpret that the supportive effect of exercise is more pronounced in older adults with more cognitive loss. This finding is conform that of a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise, that indicated a larger effect size for improvements in cognition in participants with MCI compared to healthy and demented participants [ 13 ]. Furthermore, the fact that this was only found for the response inhibition task, and not for the processing speed and two working memory tasks is in line with previous meta-analyses suggesting that executive functions are more likely to respond to resistance exercise, with the working memory component of executive functions being less responsive [ 11 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Another meta-analysis in individuals with MCI showed that RT improved cognition and alleviated MCI [ 12 ]. Additionally, a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise indicated a larger effect size for improvements in cognition in participants with MCI compared to healthy and demented participants [ 13 ]. To the best of our knowledge, no similar analysis exists for RT interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance training's impact on blood biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with low and high risk of mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Vints,

Gökçe,

Šeikinaitė

et al. 2024

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Background The aging brain exhibits a neuroinflammatory state, driven partly by peripheral pro-inflammatory stimuli, that accelerates cognitive deterioration. A growing body of evidence clearly indicates that physical exercise partly alleviates neuroinflammation and positively affects the aging process and cognition. In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to observe the effect of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on peripheral biomarker levels, cognitive function changes and their interrelationship, and explore differences in those exercise-induced changes in older adults with high risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to older adults with low risk of MCI. Methods Fifty-two participants (aged 60–85 years old, 28 female) were randomly allocated to a 12 week lower limb RT program consisting of two training sessions per week or waiting list control group. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to stratify participants screened as high (< 26/30) or low risk (≥ 26/30) of MCI. We assessed serum Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Kynurenine (KYN) levels. Cognitive measurement consisted of and four subtests of Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), the two-choice reaction time, go/no-go, mathematical processing, and memory search test. Results Twelve weeks of RT improved Go/No-go test results in older adults with high MCI risk. RT did not significantly affect blood biomarkers. However, IGF-1 level increases were associated with improvements in response time on the mathematical processing test in the exercise group, and IL-6 level increases were associated with improvements in response time on the memory search test in the total group of participants. Finally, KYN levels significantly differed between older adults with low and high MCI risk but no significant associations with performance were found. Conclusion Our study results suggest a different effect of RT on inhibitory control between older adults with low compared to high MCI risk. IGF-1 may play a role in the mechanism behind the cognitive benefit of RT and KYN may be a surrogate biomarker for neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

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“…patients [42], while another randomized controlled trial involving older adults with mild cognitive impairment revealed signi cantly greater improvements in cognitive function and health-related quality of life, along with notable alleviation of depression symptoms and enhanced sleep quality in the intervention group compared to controls [43]. Similarly, recent meta-analyses have con rmed that physical activity and exercise can enhance cognitive abilities in the elderly [44,45], with aerobic exercise showing potential bene ts for cognition in Alzheimer's disease patients [46,47], while resistance exercise emerges as the optimal exercise type to mitigate cognitive decline in individuals with cognitive impairments [48,49]. Numerous studies investigating the mechanisms through which exercise enhances cognitive function have been conducted.…”

Section: Physical Activity Interventions Have Demonstrated Cognitive ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Americans: NHANES 2011-2014

Yang,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cognitive function in older adults. Methods We conducted an analysis of 2,662 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011–2014. Physical activity was assessed using self-reported questionnaires, while cognitive function was evaluated through three measurement modalities and self-reported assessments of cognitive difficulties. Multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to explore the associations between the duration and frequency of leisure-time physical activity and cognitive function. Results Neither the duration nor frequency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) showed statistically significant associations with CERAD-WL and CERAD-DR. However, significant correlations were observed between LTPA duration and frequency with AF and DSST scores. Individuals adhering to recommended physical activity guidelines demonstrated higher AF scores [1.38 (0.93 to 1.83)] and DSST scores [3.32 (2.12 to 4.52)] compared to those with no leisure-time physical activity. Participants engaging in physical activity 1–4 times and 5 or more times per week showed increased AF scores [0.89 (0.43 to 1.36)] and [1.40 (0.91 to 1.90)], as well as DSST scores [2.61 (1.36 to 3.86)] and [3.50 (2.17 to 4.83)], respectively, compared to non-active individuals. Engaging in leisure-time physical activity 1–4 times per week was associated with a 33% reduced risk of memory decline compared to non-active individuals (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.92). An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between LTPA duration and AF and a U-shaped relationship between LTPA frequency and the risk of memory decline. Conclusion Compliance with recommended leisure-time physical activity is associated with better cognitive function in older adults, although greater duration does not necessarily equate to greater benefits. For older adults, the frequency of leisure-time physical activity appears more critical than duration, with the most beneficial cognitive effects observed at 3–4 times per week. Therefore, clinical interventions utilizing physical activity should prioritize considerations of exercise frequency.

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The effects of aerobic exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 223 publications

The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey

The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey

Resistance training's impact on blood biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with low and high risk of mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

The Relationship Between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Americans: NHANES 2011-2014

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