The effects of acute exposure to cadmium nitrate (CdNO3) on gambusia fish (Gambusia affinis)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cadmium nitrat (CdNO3) in Gambusia affinis on growth and the development of histopathological changes in gill organs and on the activity of some oxidative stress markers during a 96-hours acute toxicity test. Tests were performed on G. affinis. The average initial weight of fish used in the experiment was 3±1.2 g and the average initial total length of fish was 5.21±3.48 mm. The fish were exposed to a range of CdNO3 concentrations (1 mg/L, environmental concentration, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 nad 0.0001 mg/L) for 96 hours. Each test on a CdNO3-treated group was performed in duplicate. There were no significant differences between the specific growth rates of fish from the test groups and from the control group. Histopathological examination revealed no pathological changes in organs of fish exposed to any CdNO3 concentration. Significantly lower CAT and SOD activity (p<0.05, p<0.01) was found in fish exposed to CdNO3 concentrations of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/L compared to the control group; the control group was observed. H2O2, GSH and GPx exhibited significantly higher activity (p<0.01) in the 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/L groups compared to the control group. But none of these differences were significant (p>0.05). No significance differences (p>0.05) between the control group and any experimental group were found with respect to Protease activity. The MDA level was significantly higher (p<0.01) at a concentrations of 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mg/L compared to the control, while in the other experimental groups no significant differences compared to the control group (p>0.05) were observed. According to our results, all tested concentrations of CdNO3, including the environmental concentration, had an inhibit on oxidative stress markers and detoxifying enzymes in exposed fish, but did not affect fish growth or cause the development of histopathological changes in the fish organism.

Environmental Quality Identification of Wangi the River Polluted by Waste Based on the Environmental Pollution Index

“…The Pb, Cd, and Hg levels in sediment exceeded the limit treshold as sediment was easily suspensed due to water mass movement which could resolve metals in the water. The Pb, Cd, and Hg concentrations was accumulated in the mosquito fish through metal absorption by gills, which could enter the digestive tract by osmotic and diffussion activity [23].…”

Analisis Paparan Kadar Kadmium (CD) pada Rambut dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pekerja Las di Kelurahan Banaran, Kecamatan Grogol, Kabupaten Sukoharjo

“…Logam berat yang didetoksifikasi menyebabkan peningkatan ROS sebagai akibat dari penonaktifan enzim yang bertindak sebagai antioksidan (Wetipo et al, 2013). Peningkatan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) dapat menyebabkan peningkatan stres oksidatif (Adam et al, 2019). Peningkatan stres oksidatif disebabkan oleh angiotensin II.…”

Detoxification mechanisms in oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in gills of gambusia fish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to Cadmium

“…In addition, the enzyme also functions to repair tissue or cells that have been damaged by free radicals, which are carried out by the protease enzyme. Cell damage caused by free radicals is thought to cause heavy metal exposure [30]. Antioxidants are the body's first defines that will prevent the free radical attack on the periodontium tissue from maintaining a healthy periodontium tissue condition.…”

“…Cadmium in gills has been measured both autopsies and in vivo [10]. In comparison, some other damage to gills is discussed in the previous article [8,11,12]. The destructive mechanism of Cd also occurs in the kidneys through the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and oxidative stress with nonenzymatic reactions.…”