The Effects of Acute Blood Loss on Inflammatory and Bone Biomarkers, Acid-base Balance, Blood Gases and Hemato-biochemical Profiles in Sedated Donkeys (Equus asinus)

Abstract

The current experiment was designed to investigate the possible effects of acute blood loss on the inflammatory and bone biomarkers status, acid-base balance, blood gases, and hemato-biochemical profiles in sedated donkeys (Equus asinus). For the induction of acute blood loss, collected 900mL of blood from the carotid artery of 10 male donkeys sedated with xylazine HCl (1mg/kg). For analysis, five blood samples were collected; collected the 1st (T0) before induction of blood loss and the other 4 (T1, T2, T3 and T4) collected at 30, 60, 120 and 240min post-blood loss. The serum concentrations of amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) decreased at all-time points after blood loss compared to T0, but the differences were non-significant. The differences in levels of serum biomarkers osteocalcin (OC), β-alkaline phosphatase (β-ALP) and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD) at all-time points post blood loss compared to T0 values were also non-significant. Except for PCO2, the acid-base status and blood gases, including pH, PO2, HCO3, TCO2, sO2, base excess, anion gap and lactate, increased significantly after blood withdrawal. On the contrary, most of the measured hemato-biochemical parameters decreased significantly after blood loss, except for glucose. In conclusion, acute blood loss in sedated donkeys did not influence serum concentrations of the inflammatory biomarkers SAA and Hp and the markers of bone metabolism OC, β-ALP, and PYD. On the contrary, most acid-base, blood gas parameters, and hemato-biochemical parameters differed significantly after blood withdrawal compared to their values before blood loss.

Effects of Dystocia on the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I, Acid-Base Balance and Blood Gases Alongside the Hematobiochemical Profiles in Female Dromedary Camels

“…Blood pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2), oxygen partial pressure (PO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), oxygen saturation (SO2), and lactic acid (LA) were all immediately measured. Estimation of acid-base elements, cTnI, blood gases, and measurement of lactate was carried according to Tharwat et al (2014), Tharwat and Al-Sobayil (2014a,b,c), Tharwat (2015), Tharwat (2021a, b), Tharwat and Al-Sobayil (2022) and Tharwat (2023b).…”

Changes in Acid-base Balance, Blood Gases and Hemato-biochemical Parameters in Arabian Camels with Different Urinary Tract Disorders

“…In this method, blood pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), oxygen partial pressure (PO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), oxygen saturation (SO2), and lactic acid (LA) were analysed at once. The procedure of acid-base balance, blood gases and measurement of lactate were carried out as reported previously in camels Tharwat 2015;Tharwat 2021b;Tharwat 202c;Tharwat and Al-Sobayil, 2022).…”