The Effects of a Single Intramuscular Injection of Atropine Sulphate on Visual         Performance in Man

Kay, C. D.; Morrison, J. D.

doi:10.1177/096032718700600210

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Both results are consistent with our earlier report that atropine sulphate (2 mg I.M.) per se reduced contrast sensitivity to phase-reversed grating patterns by some 20-30 % (Kay & Morrison, 1987a) and with the report of Penetar & Beatrice (1986) that 4 mg atropine sulphate (I.M.) significantly reduced the ability to detect a moving target.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…First, atropine sulphate was injected some 8 min prior to physostigmine eyedrops, in order that the peak plasma atropine concentration shown to occur at 30 min post-injection (Berghem, Bergman, Schildt & Sorbo, 1980) coincided with the peak action of physostigmine on contrast sensitivity and defocus (Kay & Morrison, 1988). Second, atropine sulphate was injected some 120 min prior to physostigmine to allow its ocular actions in dilating the pupil and reducing near-point accommodation to develop fully (Kay & Morrison, 1987a). Third, physostigmine was tested against prior instillation of homatropine hydrobromide eyedrops, this being preferred to atropine which has a much more persistent action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Intramuscular Atropine or Homatropine Eyedrops in Preventing the Effects of Physostigmine Eyedrops on Human Vision

Kay

Morrison

1988

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYAn intramuscular injection of 2 mg atropine sulphate was given at either 8 or 120 min prior to instillation of 0-25 % physostigmine sulphate eyedrops. In this way, the maximum accommodative change and the concomitant reduction in contrast sensitivity caused by physostigmine coincided with, respectively, the peak plasma atropine concentration or the fully developed mydriasis and reduction of near-point accommodation caused by atropine. Atropine at both times did not affect the miosis, the reduction in near-point, the increase in accommodation or the reduction in contrast sensitivity caused by physostigmine. Contrast sensitivity to a phasereversed grating pattern was actually diminished by atropine, though this was not statistically significant. By contrast, 2 % homatropine hydrobromide eyedrops did effectively anatagonize physostigmine's actions. This indicates that the rate of delivery of atropine from the intramuscular injection was insufficient to compete against the ocular effects of physostigmine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Intramuscular Atropine or Homatropine Eyedrops in Preventing the Effects of Physostigmine Eyedrops on Human Vision

Kay

Morrison

1988

Exp Physiol

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“…Vertical sinusoidal grating patterns were generated on a Tektronix 606B monitor of screen luminance 10.2 cd m-' and peak wavelength 520 nm, as described previously (Kay and Morrison, 1987a). At each spatial frequency, contrast sensitivity was derived as the mean of five readings obtained with the ascending method by which the subject increased the contrast from a uniform field until the grating pattern was just visible.…”

Section: Contrast Sensitivity To the Crt Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since atropine sulphate (2 mg i.m.) selectively depressed contrast sensitivity to a phase-reversed, but not a stationary, grating pattern of low spatial frequency (Kay and Morrison, 1987a), this stimulus was also tested against hyoscine eyedrops.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of 0.025% hyoscine hydrobromide eyedrops on visual function in man

Morrison

Reilly

1989

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Instillation of three drops of 0.025% hyoscine hydrobromide into one eye at 5 min intervals caused a mydriasis and cycloplegia of rapid onset and of 4-6 days' duration; this was similar to the previously reported actions of concentrations of up to 0.5%. After refraction for the working distance of the experiments, contrast sensitivity to stationary oscilloscope-generated grating patterns of 10 and 20 c/deg was unaffected despite the mydriasis. Also, contrast sensitivity to laser interference fringes of 10 and 20 c/deg observed in the Maxwellian view, in which the effects of the ocular media are bypassed, was unaffected. Contrast sensitivity to a 3 c/deg phase-reversed grating pattern was, however, transiently reduced by 40% after hyoscine. A second series of experiments showed a deleterious effect of hyoscine on contrast sensitivity to both stationary and phase-reversed grating patterns of 2, 3 and 5 c/deg while contrast sensitivity at 10 c/deg was not consistently affected. These results were explained by a direct deleterious action of hyoscine at the level of the retina, specific to channels that detect low spatial frequencies.

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“…The grating display was generated in the conventional way on a Tektronix 606B monitor [30]. The screen luminance was 10cd/m 2 and the surround luminance was 7 cd/m 2.…”

Section: Stimulus Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality of the pattern electroretinogram and pattern visual evoked cortical response in esotropic cats

1989

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In six 3-week-old kittens, the tendon of the lateral rectus muscle of one eye was sectioned under anaesthesia in order to induce an esotropic (nasally-directed) squint. At maturity, the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked response (PVER) were recorded under anaesthesia to phase-reversal at 1.67 Hz of a 0.5c/deg square wave grating pattern of 75% contrast. Refraction was determined by retinoscopy and confirmed by recording the PERG for different trial lenses. The amplitude and time-to-peak of the PERG and PVER were compared between operated and unoperated eyes, and with the responses of one normal and two sham-operated cats. With stimulation of the operated eye, the amplitude of the PVER was consistently reduced by 50% compared with the non-operated eye, confirming that the cats had become amblyopic as a result of the squint. While the appreciable inter-eye variations in the amplitude of the PERG of the normal and sham-operated cats precluded identification of a change in the esotropic cats, there was a consistent prolongation of the time-to-peak of the PERG by 50% with stimulation of the operated eye. This result is consistent with a retinal component to strabismic amblyopia.

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The Effects of a Single Intramuscular Injection of Atropine Sulphate on Visual Performance in Man

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Intramuscular Atropine or Homatropine Eyedrops in Preventing the Effects of Physostigmine Eyedrops on Human Vision

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Intramuscular Atropine or Homatropine Eyedrops in Preventing the Effects of Physostigmine Eyedrops on Human Vision

The effects of 0.025% hyoscine hydrobromide eyedrops on visual function in man

Abnormality of the pattern electroretinogram and pattern visual evoked cortical response in esotropic cats

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