The Effects of a Pulsed Application of Chlorpyrifos on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Outdoor Artificial Stream System

Pusey, Bradley James; Arthington, Angela; McLean, J. A.

doi:10.1006/eesa.1994.1019

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…1 because of the deviating exposure regimes. A pulse of 6 h with a concentration of 0.08 TU mso chlorpyrifos had no effect on the abundance of fauna in experimental streams (Pusey et al, 1994). A clear effect on insect populations was observed in the same study for an equally long application of 3.85 TU mso , after which recovery of the reduced populations occurred within 8 weeks.…”

Section: Effects Of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

2005

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Abstract. A literature review of freshwater (model) ecosystem studies with neurotoxic insecticides was performed to assess ecological threshold levels, to compare these levels with the first tier approach within European Union (EU) administration procedures, and to evaluate the ecological consequences of exceeding these thresholds. Studies published between 1980 and 2001 were reviewed. Most studies covered organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids in lentic waters. The most sensitive taxa were representatives of crustaceans, insects and fish. Based on toxic units, threshold values were equivalent for compounds with a similar mode of action. This also accounted for the nature and magnitude of direct effects at higher concentrations. Although laboratory single species toxicity tests may not allow predictions on precise ecological effects, some generalisations on effects and recovery can be made with respect to acute standard laboratory EC 50 data. The NOEC ecosystem usually is a factor of 10 or more higher than first tier acceptable concentrations, particularly in the case of single applications and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Acceptable concentrations, as set by the EU first tier approach, appear to be protective. Recovery of sensitive endpoints usually occurs within 2 months of the (last) application when peak concentrations remain lower than (0.1-1) · EC 50 of the most sensitive standard test species. The consistency of response patterns found in model ecosystem studies can be useful when estimating the ecological risks of pesticides. The use of an effect classification system was also helpful in evaluating effects.

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Section: Effects Of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

2005

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“…Two studies in Australia reported effects of CPY on invertebrate communities in large outdoor experimental streams (Pusey et al 1994 ;Ward et al 1995 ). In the fi rst study, 6-h pulses of CPY were applied at 0.1 and 5 μg L .…”

Section: Evidence From Microcosms and Mesocosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Giddings¹,

Williams

Solomon

et al. 2014

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…For such purposes, many calibrated individuals of selected invertebrate species, subspecies, or strains must be maintained under conditions that would be stressful for most vertebrates. In mesocosms or field-scale testing, macroinvertebrates have been widely used for experimental assessment of both risk and impact of chemicals (249,250,(333)(334)(335)(336)(337)(338)(339)(340)(341)(342)(343)(344)(345)(346)(347)(348)(349)(350)(351).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrates in Testing of Environmental Chemicals: Are They Alternatives?

Lagadic¹,

Caquet²

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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An enlarged interpretation of alternatives in toxicology testing includes the replacement of one animal species with another, preferably a nonmammalian species. This paper reviews the potential of invertebrates in testing environmental chemicals and provides evidence of their usefulness in alternative testing methodologies. The first part of this review addresses the use of invertebrates in laboratory toxicology testing. Problems in extrapolating results obtained in invertebrates to those obtained from vertebrates are noted, suggesting that invertebrates can essentially be used in addition to rather than as replacements for vertebrates in laboratory toxicity tests. However, evaluation of the ecologic impact of environmental chemicals must include defining end points that may frequently differ from those classically used in biomedical research. In this context, alternative approaches using invertebrates may be more pertinent. The second part of the review therefore focuses on the use of invertebrates in situ to assess the environmental impact of pollutants. Advantages of invertebrates in ecotoxicologic investigation are presented for their usefulness for seeking mechanistic links between effects occurring at the individual level and consequences for higher levels of biologic organization (e.g., population and community). In the end, it is considered that replacement of vertebrates by invertebrates in ecotoxicity testing is likely to become a reality when basic knowledge of metabolic, physiologic, and developmental patterns in the latter will be sufficient to assess the effect of a given chemical through end points that could be different between invertebrates and vertebrates. EnvironHealth Perspect 1 06(Suppl 2):593-611 http://ehpnetl .niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/Suppl-2/ 593-61 llagadic/abstract.html

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The Effects of a Pulsed Application of Chlorpyrifos on Macroinvertebrate Communities in an Outdoor Artificial Stream System

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

Threshold Levels for Effects of Insecticides in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review

Risks to Aquatic Organisms from Use of Chlorpyrifos in the United States

Invertebrates in Testing of Environmental Chemicals: Are They Alternatives?

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