The Effects of a Designer Music Intervention on Patients' Anxiety, Pain, and Experience of Colonoscopy

Abstract

There is a controversy on whether listening to music before or during colonoscopy reduces anxiety and pain and improves satisfaction and compliance with the procedure. This study aimed to establish whether specifically designed music significantly affects anxiety, pain, and experience associated with colonoscopy. In this semirandomized controlled study, 34 patients undergoing a colonoscopy were provided with either muted headphones (n = 17) or headphones playing the investigator-selected music (n = 17) for 10 minutes before and during colonoscopy. Anxiety, pain, sedation dose, and overall experience were measured using quantitative measures and scales. Participants' state anxiety decreased over time (P < .001). However, music did not significantly reduce anxiety (P = .441), pain scores (P = .313), or midazolam (P = .327) or fentanyl doses (P = .295). Despite these findings, 100% of the music group indicated that they would want music if they were to repeat the procedure, as compared with only 50% of those in the nonmusic group wanting to wear muted headphones. Although no significant effects of music on pain, anxiety, and sedation were found, a clear preference for music was expressed, therefore warranting further research on this subject.

<p>Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled trial</p>

“…The music adopt more use of strings 21. Since music preference varies in different age group, and type of music intervention may confound the intervention dosage and outcomes, there is a need to have an empirical trial to examine the effects of easy music intervention on physiological and psychological outcomes, and requirements for sedative and analgesic medication in patients undergoing colonoscopy with minimal sedation 1,22,23. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication requirements and physiological parameters in terms of blood pressure and pulse rate in Chinese adult patients undergoing colonoscopy in Hong Kong.…”

Virtual reality distraction for patients to relieve pain and discomfort during colonoscopy

“…Therefore, several studies have examined non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety and pain during endoscopy [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. These studies used a mix of visual [13,15,18,19] or auditory stimuli [12,14,18] and found that while true efficacy is not fully established, combined visual and auditory distraction is better at reducing discomfort than auditory distraction alone [18].…”

Use of diphenhydramine as an adjunctive sedative for colonoscopy in patients on chronic opioid therapy: a randomized controlled trial

“…11,12 Based on anecdotal data, the use of adjunct sedatives or deep sedation is often used with these patients. [19][20][21][22][23] Because of its hypnotic and sedative properties, diphenhydramine is recommended for endoscopic procedures in difficult-to-sedate patients, but the studies supporting its use have yielded conflicting results. 13,18 We designed a randomized controlled study to systemically analyze the use of diphenhydramine as an adjunct to routinely used sedatives in patients on chronic opioids.…”