Patients may benefit from this educational intervention in terms of relieving pain, anxiety and improving self-efficacy, and the educational intervention could be incorporated as part of routine care to prepare musculoskeletal trauma patients for surgery.

No abstract

This study adds evidence to existing literature on Watson's theory-guided design and implementation of caring initiatives for community rehabilitation and has laid the groundwork for developing further evidencebased research in leisure art-based caring occasions for promoting holistic well-being in stroke rehabilitation.

Background eHealth educational programs have proven to be an effective means for health promotion, yet limited studies have been conducted for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients to improve their total physical exercise, self‐efficacy for exercise, and cardiovascular risk factor profile. Method A prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in two cardiac clinics in Hong Kong. Four hundred thirty‐eight eligible CHD clients were randomly assigned to either the control or the intervention group. All of the participants received standard care, which consisted of regular medical and nursing care in the cardiac clinic. The intervention group received an additional web‐based educational support intervention (eHES), which consisted of a 20‐minute individual educational session on the use of the eHES web link. The eHES web link contains a health information platform related to CHD care and an individual member area with records of health measures and physical exercise data for six months. Data were collected at baseline, at three‐month and six‐month intervals at the cardiac clinic. The primary outcome was the total amount of physical exercise, measured by the Godin–Shephard Leisure‐Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. The secondary outcomes were self‐efficacy for exercise and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers (body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile). The data were analyzed using a generalized estimating equations model. Results The intervention group reported a statistically higher amount of physical exercise and a higher HDL‐C at 3 and 6 months, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the groups in self‐efficacy for exercise and other CVD risk markers. Linking Evidence to Action The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the eHES in meeting the challenge of boosting the amount of physical exercise and increase HDL‐C among CHD patients who engaged for over three months. The results provide insight for eHealth development to support and promote exercise among CHD patients in the community.

Background: Some personality traits were found to be relevant to engagement in smoking. Examination of associations between personality traits and behaviours in smoking and cessation will guide the development of effective preventive and cessation interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of a Chinese version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) for assessing the five personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience in adults who had a smoking habit.Methods: 1173 Chinese smokers who had received smoking cessation intervention at a smoking cessation health centre in Hong Kong from 21 August 2000 to January 2002 were followed-up by telephone between February and August 2008. Participants completed a questionnaire including the 44-item BFI and perceived health status. A total of 480 (41%) participants completed the survey and 439 questionnaires without missing were analysed. The factor structure of the BFI was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by Cronbach alpha and concurrent validity by personality scores by gender and relationship with perceived health. The convergent and discriminant validity of the reduced version of BFI was compared to the original version using the mulittrait-multimethod matrix approach.Results: Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the five-factor structure provided an acceptable fit after removing 15 items which did not contribute to their corresponding factors. The reduced 29-item BFI had internal reliability estimates ranged from 0.69 for agreeableness to 0.81 for neuroticism. Women scored significantly higher in neuroticism and lower in openness to experience. All the correlations of the five personality traits with perceived health were in the expected directions and statistically significant except openness to experience. The four requirements of convergent and discriminant validity of the reduced 29-item BFI were met. Conclusions:These results showed that the satisfactory psychometric properties of the Chinese version of BFI with modifications; suggesting that the Chinese translation of the abbreviated 29-item BFI could be a useful and practical tool in measuring personality traits among Chinese adults had a smoking habit.

PurposeA deluge of fake news and misinformation about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on the Internet poses challenges for the public in their search for reliable and relevant health information for taking protective measures, especially among people with chronic diseases (PWCD). This study aimed to (a) understand the satisfaction level of the online information related to COVID‐19 in people with and without chronic diseases; (b) explore information‐searching behavior and digital health literacy in PWCD; and (3) identify the possible predictors of information satisfaction among PWCD.MethodsThis was a multicity, cross‐sectional study using an online survey with a convenience sample of people who (a) were 15 years of age or older and (b) had access to the Internet in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.FindingsFour thousand four hundred and seventy‐two subjects completed the survey, of whom less than 50% felt satisfied with the online information. About 20% of respondents (n = 882) were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease and reported a lower level of information satisfaction (p = .003) than the people without chronic diseases. The majority of the PWCD obtained their online health information from social media. Higher digital health literacy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.07), higher frequency of searches regarding symptoms of COVID‐19 (adjusted OR = 2.07), higher perceived importance of quickly learning from the information searched (adjusted OR = 1.63), and lower frequency of searches on the topic of dealing with psychological stress (adjusted OR = 0.54) were found to be predictors of information satisfaction among PWCD.ConclusionsThe majority of PWCD sought online information related to COVID‐19 from social media, and their level of information satisfaction was significantly lower than among people without chronic diseases. Digital health literacy is a strong and significant predictor of information satisfaction.Clinical RelevanceTo support PWCD, we not only have to provide them with clear and accurate information, but also promote their digital health literacy so that they may seek, understand, and appraise health information from the Internet to make appropriate health‐related judgments and decisions.

Music is a safe and effective nonpharmacological intervention for improving the sleep quality of community-dwelling elderly people, especially in improving sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication requirements, and physiological parameters in Chinese adult patients undergoing colonoscopy in Hong Kong. Patients and methods: Patients undergoing colonoscopy, aged 45 or older, able to communicate in Chinese, and hemodynamically stable were invited for the study. A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Eligible patients were randomly assigned either to a music group, which received standard care and additional easy listening music (a series of 15 popular non-rock Chinese songs) through earphones and MP3 for 20 mins before and during the procedure, or to a control group which received standard care only. Standard care comprised of all nursing and medical care provided for patients undergoing colonoscopy. Measures comprised of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analog scales of pain level, procedure satisfaction and satisfaction with pain management, the use of sedative and analgesic drugs, heart rate, and blood pressure data were collected at baseline (T0), during (T1) and 30 mins after the procedure (T2). Results: Eighty participants (40 music vs 40 control) completed the study with no attrition. Participants in the music group reported significantly higher levels in both procedure satisfaction ( p =0.043) and satisfaction with pain management ( p =0.045) than those in the control group. No significant difference was found between groups on anxiety, pain, additional sedative and analgesic use, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( p >0.05). Nevertheless, most participants appreciated the songs provided in MP3 and found it helpful for relaxation during the procedure and would prefer it again ( p <0.001). Conclusion: Easy music listening can enhance patients’ satisfaction in both procedure and pain management for adults undergoing a colonoscopy procedure.