The effects of a 4-week static stretching programme on the individual muscles comprising the hamstrings

Ichihashi, Noriaki; Umegaki, Hiroki; Ikezoe, Tome; Nakamura, Masatoshi; Nishishita, Satoru; Fujita, Kosuke; Umehara, Jun; Nakao, S.; Ibuki, Satoko

doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1172725

Cited by 57 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The pelvis was tilted anteriorly by placing a wedge between the pelvis and the bed. The knee joint was passively extended very slowly using the dynamometer manually by an examiner to prevent stretch reflex, starting from 90° flexion to the maximum angle that the participant could tolerate without pain or discomfort 16,17) . The change in the knee angle from 90° flexion was calculated, and the angle was defined as the final angle.…”

Section: Measurement Of Passive Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static stretching duration needed to decrease passive stiffness of hamstring muscle-tendon unit

Nakamura

Ikezoe

Nishishita

et al. 2019

JPFSM

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Static stretching (SS) is widely used to decrease and retain the passive stiffness of the muscle-tendon unit in clinical and athletic settings. It is important to consider the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness of the hamstring, from the perspective of injury prevention of the hamstring muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the effect of static stretching (SS) on passive stiffness of the hamstring and to clarify the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness. Fifteen healthy males participated in this study. Fifteen healthy and non-athlete male volunteers participated in this study. SS of 60-s session was performed for five sessions with a 30-s rest between sessions. Passive stiffness was measured prior to SS (PRE) and immediately after each SS session to determine the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness. The passive stiffness was calculated as the slope of the torque-angle curve corresponding to 50% of the final angle (Nm/°). Passive stiffness after 180, 240, and 300 s of SS was significantly lower than that at PRE. Our results showed that SS for >180 s is recommended to decrease the passive stiffness of the hamstring muscle.

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Section: Measurement Of Passive Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static stretching duration needed to decrease passive stiffness of hamstring muscle-tendon unit

Nakamura

Ikezoe

Nishishita

et al. 2019

JPFSM

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“…15 Interestingly, the magnitude of these changes may differ among the synergist muscles. 15 More precisely, a recent study has shown that a 4-week static stretching program induces a decrease in shear modulus in hamstring muscles, with a higher effect on the SM compared to the BF and ST. 10 However, the impact of chronic sport practice on individual muscle shear modulus has not been described. It is well known that most of sports activities involve bouncing and jumping with high-intensity stretch-shortening cycles (eg, soccer, basketball, athletic sprinting).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes

Avrillon

Lacourpaille

Hug

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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The effect of training on hamstring flexibility has been widely assessed through the measurement of the maximal range of motion or passive torque. However, these global measures do not provide direct information on the passive muscle mechanical properties of individual muscle. This characterization is crucial to better understand the effect of interventions as selective adaptations may occur among synergist muscles. Taking advantage of shear wave elastography, we aimed to determine whether elite sport athletes exhibit different passive shear modulus of hamstring heads compared to controls.Passive shear modulus was measured on semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and biceps femoris (BF) using shear wave elastography with the knee flexed at 60° and 90°, and 90° of hip flexion. A total of 97 elite athletes from various sports including running sprint, figure skating, fencing, field hockey, taekwondo, basketball, and soccer and 12 controls were evaluated. The shear modulus measured at 60° of knee flexion was lower in SM for figure skating (P < .001; d = 1.8), taekwondo (P < .001; d = 2.1), fencing (P = .024; d = 1.0), and soccer (P = .011; d = 0.9) compared to controls, while no difference was found for athletic sprinters, field hockey, and basketball players. Shear modulus of the BF and ST muscle was not significantly different between controls and elite athletes, regardless of the sport specialization (all P values = 1). We provide evidence that the shear modulus of the SM is altered in athletes involved in elite sport practice performed over large range of motion and/or including substantial stretching program in training content (taekwondo, figure skating, fencing, and soccer). K E Y W O R D S elite athletes, shear wave elastography, stiffness 84 | AVRILLON et AL.

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“…Using this technique, some studies have examined associations between muscle elasticity (i. e., shear modulus) and joint flexibility (e. g., ROM and joint stiffness) in plantar flexors [6,9,10]. Others have quantified the shear modulus of individual muscles of the hamstring [11][12][13][14][15], which is the most frequently strained muscle group and one of the most studied muscles in terms of joint flexibility [16][17][18]. However, little is known about whether and how muscle elasticity of the hamstring is associated with joint flexibility, especially joint stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Associations of Muscle Elasticity of the Hamstring with Hip Joint Flexibility

Miyamoto

Hirata

2019

Int J Sports Med

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The main purpose of the present study was to identify whether and to what extent the individual differences in range of motion and stiffness of the hip joint can account for that in muscle elasticity of the hamstring. Hip extension torque and shear moduli (a measure of elasticity) of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus were assessed in 21 young males during unilateral passive hip flexion in the knee-extended position from the anatomical position to the individual’s maximal hip flexion angle. Muscle shear modulus was quantified by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The maximal hip flexion angle correlated negatively with the shear modulus of each muscle (−0.750 ≤ r ≤ −0.612). The joint stiffness correlated positively with the shear modulus of each muscle (0.711 ≤ r ≤ 0.747). These findings suggest that hip flexion ROM and joint stiffness can reflect significantly but only moderately the muscle elasticity of the hamstring.

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The effects of a 4-week static stretching programme on the individual muscles comprising the hamstrings

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Static stretching duration needed to decrease passive stiffness of hamstring muscle-tendon unit

Static stretching duration needed to decrease passive stiffness of hamstring muscle-tendon unit

Hamstring muscle elasticity differs in specialized high‐performance athletes

Moderate Associations of Muscle Elasticity of the Hamstring with Hip Joint Flexibility

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