The Effectiveness of Quotas: Vertical and Horizontal Discrimination in Spain

Oñate, Pablo

doi:10.1080/00344893.2014.951229

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(20 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…5. Quotas may also be applied in a binding manner, as in political institutions. There is some evidence that gender quotas have a positive effect on the number of women elected (Oñate, 2014) and on parties' attention to social justice issues (Catalano Weeks, 2019). …”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What works for whom? What theories may predict about the effectiveness of measures against employment discrimination

Hajnal

Scharle

2023

IJSSP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeEmployment discrimination persists across global labour markets inflicting considerable social and economic costs. The existing literature tends to focus on explaining and measuring discrimination or on the measures to tackle it, overlooking the links between these areas. The paper contributes to filling this gap in order to inform policy design and empirical research on the impact of anti-discrimination policies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper assesses the potential effectiveness of commonly used policy measures in tackling the types of discrimination described in the theoretical literature. The assessment is based on the underlying incentive structure of particular policies, which is matched with the behaviour of employers predicted by particular theories.FindingsThe potential effectiveness of commonly used anti-discrimination policies varies greatly depending on the source of discrimination and the target group. Some commonly used tools, such as wage subsidies are likely to have modest effects for several target groups, while employer counselling may be a more effective and cheaper alternative in many cases. Quotas may be effective against various types of discrimination, but setting them is challenging and they may yield adverse effects.Practical implicationsThe findings call for more research on and consideration of the motives behind employment discrimination in the targeting and design of anti-discrimination measures.Originality/valueThe authors propose a framework to link discrimination types with measures against discrimination and potential target groups, which allows for systematically linking the literature on theories of discrimination and research on anti-discrimination.

show abstract

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What works for whom? What theories may predict about the effectiveness of measures against employment discrimination

Hajnal

Scharle

2023

IJSSP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Regarding the share o women in political institutions, the literature has linked their higher or lower presence to three categories o actors: institutional (Kittilson 2006;Oñate 2014;Wängnerud 2009), such as electoral rules, how parties organise candidate selection or gender quotas; socioeconomic (Iversen and Rosenbluth 2008;Rosenbluth, Salmond, and Thies 2006), such as the proportion o women in the workorce and the strength o the welare state; and cultural or contextual (Dahlerup and Leyenaar 2013;Sundström and Stockemer 2015), like modernisation trends, belies about equality and the social acceptance o women or representational and leadership roles. For our purposes, we propose to analyze institutional and contextual variables rst, ollowed by individual and socioeconomic elements.…”

Section: Who and How Are They? Descriptive Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Leadership at the Apex. The Distinctiveness of Urban Women Mayors in Europe

Tejado

Navarro

Magnier

et al. 2022

Urban Research & Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Women occupy leadership positions at all levels o government. While the topic has been extensively investigated and reerred to national legislatures, other venues remain under-researched. By ocusing on the mayoral oce, this article aims at contributing to ll the research gap regarding the local government arena and specically executive positions. Drawing on a survey o around 2,600 European mayors, the study investigates whether women and male mayors difer in their social backgrounds, recruitment patterns and policy priorities. The resulting identikit o the 'Urban European Woman Mayor' points to important diferences in the career path conrming the diferences in policy priorities.

show abstract

“…Researchers have identified three categories of factors that explain varying levels of women's participation in political office: institutional (Duverger, 1955;Kittilson, 2006;Wangnerud, 2009;Oñate, 2014) such as electoral rules, how parties organize candidate selection or gender quotas; socioeconomic (Rosembluth et al, 2006;Iversen and Rosembluth, 2008) such as the proportion of women in the workforce and the strength of the welfare state; and cultural (Dalherup and Leyennard, 2013) such as modernization trends, beliefs about equality, and the social acceptance of women for representational and leadership roles. The have also found that, other things being equal, leftist parties have traditionally been more likely to nominate women to safe places on their lists, although party ideology seems not to matter as much nowadays as it did in the past (Kittilson, 2013).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%