The effectiveness of long-term fibre supplementation on weight maintenance in weight-reduced women

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ®bre supplementation is effective in weight-reduced subjects for maintenance of weight-loss in the long-term. DESIGN: Longitudinal, randomly assigned intervention study with supplementation of 20 g of water soluble ®bre (guar gum) daily for 14 months after an energy-restricted period of two months (VLCD). SUBJECTS: Thirty-one female, obese subjects (age: 41.4 6 7.4 y: BMI 33.2 6 3.7 kg/m 72 ); 20 subjects were supplemented with ®bre and 11 subjects served as the control group. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight (BW), blood lipids and blood pressure, anthropometry, and eating behaviour were measured before the VLCD (0), after VLCD (2), and at 4, 10 and 16 months. RESULTS: The ®bre group with at least 80% compliance (group A) and the control group showed the same weight regain response after VLCD. The ®bre consuming group with 50±80% compliance (group B) differed with respect to relapse. The rate and amount of BW regain was signi®cantly higher for group B. After 14 months group B had returned to baseline levels, whereas group A and the control group showed a tendency to a lower BW than at baseline (P 0.09). No effect of ®bre supplementation was found on blood lipids, blood pressure and energy intake. Eating behaviour characteristics changed during the intervention and might explain differences in weight maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: No effect of 14 months ®bre supplementation was found on weight maintenance in weight-reduced subjects. Guar gum intake did not result in reduction of blood pressure or cholesterol, or in suppression of energy intake.

Effect of calcium and dairy foods in high protein, energy-restricted diets on weight loss and metabolic parameters in overweight adults

“…There was a difference in fibre content between the DP and MP diets; however, this is unlikely to have affected satiety or energy intake, especially during the ER phase where the difference was B5 g. Fiber supplementation of up to 20-40 g is associated with inconsistent effects on acute energy intake and satiety ratings 26 and long-term weight regulation. 27,28 Further, all subjects were provided with key foods to consume and prescriptive meal plans. This approach was employed to reduce the likelihood that the foods per se of either group affected compliance.…”

High protein intake sustains weight maintenance after body weight loss in humans

“…5,7 However, longterm maintenance of the body weight lost can be described as unsuccessful. 8 Most studies on weight maintenance show that weight regain is usually the case, [9][10][11][12][13] indicating that subjects are not able to change their eating and activity behavior adequately. 8 Interventions to improve long-term weight maintenance are therefore needed in order to treat obesity effectively.…”

The effect of addition of modified guar gum to a low-energy semisolid meal on appetite and body weight loss

“…The main reason for this is prevention of habituation by means of the washout periods 44 and a more likely compliance because of the shorter periods of time.…”

“…17,18 However, in studies lasting more than a year, only Uusitupa et al 43 found a slight reduction in BW after GG supplementation, while other studies did not ®nd a bene®cial effect of GG supplementation on weight control. 44,45 The EI reduction observed in different short-term studies may be an acute effect and may disappear when ®ber is supplemented for a longer period. This may be due to habituation to the ®ber.…”

“…This may be due to habituation to the ®ber. 44,46 Several studies examined the effect of ®ber supplementation next to an energy-restricted diet on weight loss. Additional ®ber intake next to a lowenergy diet has been shown to be effective in several studies 20,21 even during long-term treatment, 23 but not in all.…”