The Effectiveness of Lifestyle Adaptation for the Prevention of Prediabetes in Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Diabetes prevalence is increasing exceptionally worldwide and with this come associated healthcare costs. The primary outcome of this systematic review was to assess glycaemic control and incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis after exercise and dietary intervention (measured with any validated scale). The secondary outcome assessed body mass index change, weight change, and physical exercise capacity after diet and exercise intervention (measured with any validated scale). 1,780 studies were identified from searching electronic databases. Relevant studies went through a selection process. The inclusion criteria for all studies were people with prediabetes diagnosed by either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Lifestyle adaptation reduced the incidence of diabetes development more than standard treatment. Furthermore, better glycaemic control, improved physical exercise capacity, and increased weight reduction were observed with lifestyle intervention over standard treatment. Finally, improvements over the long term deteriorated, highlighting problems with long-term adherence to lifestyle changes. Overall, cumulative incidence of diabetes is drastically reduced in the intervention groups compared to control groups (standard care). Furthermore, glycaemic control was improved in the short term, with many participants reverting to normoglycaemia.

Correlation of quantitative pancreatic T1 value and HbA1c value in subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance

“…It does not meet the criteria for T2DM, but individuals with prediabetes have an increased risk of developing both T2DM and cardiovascular disease . However, of note is the fact that maintaining the glycemic index under control and performing physical exercise could be effective in delaying or preventing the progression of prediabetes to T2DM . Therefore, a comprehensive health checkup with lifestyle education and doctor's consultation are useful ways to prevent T2DM development in prediabetes patients …”

“…3 However, of note is the fact that maintaining the glycemic index under control and performing physical exercise could be effective in delaying or preventing the progression of prediabetes to T2DM. 4 Therefore, a comprehensive health checkup with lifestyle education and doctor's consultation are useful ways to prevent T2DM development in prediabetes patients. 5 Pancreatic fibrosis is a representative pancreatic feature in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).…”

Diabetes Type 2 and Physical Activity Program: Potential Application of Risk-Engine UKPDS Score in Out-Patient Context

“…This is especially important when the lifestyle adaptation can prevent the complications of DMT2 [18].…”

Efficacy of metformin in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: Protocol for a multicentre, open‐label, randomized controlled clinical study

“…However, although the Da Qing study indicated the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention (LSI), ~44% of participants in the LSI groups still developed diabetes, and the median delay in diabetes onset in the intervention group was 4 years compared with the control group . A recent systematic review of lifestyle adaptation to prevent diabetes also indicated that, while the cumulative incidence of diabetes could be drastically decreased in the short term, problems with adherence meant that improvements diminished over time …”

“…12 A recent systematic review of lifestyle adaptation to prevent diabetes also indicated that, while the cumulative incidence of diabetes could be drastically decreased in the short term, problems with adherence meant that improvements diminished over time. 13 For these and other reasons, LSI is often combined with pharmacological interventions for increased benefits. Pharmacological agents, such as metformin, 8,14 troglitazone 15,16 and acarbose, 14,17 have also been found to be effective in decreasing the rate of progression from IGR to diabetes.…”