The Effectiveness of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and the Traditional Brazilian Diet in Reducing the Inflammatory Profile of Individuals with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

We analyzed the effectiveness of two nutritional interventions alone and together, EVOO and the DieTBra, on the inflammatory profile of severely obese individuals. This study was an RCT with 149 individuals aged from 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, randomized into three intervention groups: (1) 52 mL/day of EVOO (n = 50); (2) DieTBra (n = 49); and (3) DieTBra plus 52 mL/day of EVOO (DieTBra + EVOO, n = 50). The primary outcomes we measured were the-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the secondary outcomes we measured were the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR); leukocytes; and C reactive protein (CRP). After 12 weeks of intervention, DieTBra + EVOO significantly reduced the total leucocytes (p = 0.037) and LMR (p = 0.008). No statistically significant differences were found for the NLR in neither the intra-group and inter-group analyses, although a slight reduction was found in the DieTBra group (−0.22 ± 1.87). We observed reductions in the total leukocytes and LMR in the three groups, though without statistical difference between groups. In conclusion, nutritional intervention with DietBra + EVOO promotes a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers, namely leukocytes and LMR. CRP was reduced in EVOO and DieTBra groups and NLR reduced in the DieTBra group. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT02463435.

Increased Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet after Lifestyle Intervention Improves Oxidative and Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…The decrease in their number in the group with a higher adherence may be related to better biochemical parameters and lower fat accumulation that would reduce the proinflammatory state of patients and the mobilization of immune cells. It is in accordance with previous evidence of a significant reduction in leukocyte number after 12 weeks of nutritional intervention with the MedDiet and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) [ 51 ]. A significant reduction was also observed in leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes after sustained weight loss at 2 years [ 52 ].…”

Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts of Indigenous Southern Tuscany Cultivar Act as Anti-Inflammatory and Vasorelaxant Nutraceuticals

“…The 13 C/ 12 C ratio in bulk Italian olive oils was measured in one run (and weighted around 0.5 mg) using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) (Isoprime Ltd., Stockport, UK) following total combustion in an elemental analyzer (VARIO CUBE, Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Dresden, Germany). The 2 H/ 1 H and 18 O/ 16 O ratios were measured in one go (around 0.5 mg) using an IRMS (Finnigan DELTA XP, Thermo Scientific, Milan, Italy) coupled with a pyrolyzer (Finnigan TC/EA high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer, Thermo Scientific).…”

“…where i is the mass number of the heavier isotope of element E (for example, 13 C); RSA is the respective isotope ratio of a sample (such as for C: number of 13 C atoms/number of 12 C atoms or as approximation 13 C/ 12 C); RREF is the respective isotope ratio of the internationally recognized reference material. For δ 13 C, the samples were analyzed using a single working standard for normalization and calibrated against NBS-22 fuel oil (IAEA-International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria), IAEA-CH-6 sucrose, and USGS 40 (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA).…”

“…EVOO has been frequently reported to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities and to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by modulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and cholesterol metabolism [10]. Seminal studies have shown improvements in renal function, lipid profile, oxidative stress [11], and inflammatory parameters in patients treated with EVOO (40 mL/day) for 9 weeks [12].…”

Dietary EVOO Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interaction: Are There Any Sex/Gender Influences?

“…Extra virgin olive oil is universally recognized as a symbol of the Mediterranean diet, and its effects on human health have been amply demonstrated by recent relevant intervention studies [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”