The effectiveness and acceptability of measures for insulating dwellings against traffic noise

Utley, W.A.; Buller, I.B.; Keighley, E.C.; Sargent, J.W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-460x(86)80018-9

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(1) and the term x(n) in Eq. (2) will include an audio signal component in addition to that of the noise. Since the optimization goal of the LMS algorithm is to minimize the mean square of error signal e(n), getting audio signals in the reference and the error signals will cause control signals to be generated to cancel the desired audio sound.…”

Section: Challenges In Dual Use Of Transparent Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invisible speakers in home windows for simultaneous auxiliary audio playback and active noise cancellation

Rajamani

2012

Mechatronics

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Section: Challenges In Dual Use Of Transparent Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Windows constitute the primary path through which noise enters a home [1]. In studying the effectiveness of various measures in improving building insulation against traffic noise, Utley et al [2] concluded that window improvements provide the most satisfaction to home dwellers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invisible speakers in home windows for simultaneous auxiliary audio playback and active noise cancellation

Rajamani

2012

Mechatronics

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“…where is the instantaneous estimate of the mean square error gradient at time , and can be expressed as (2) By substituting the previous equation back into (1), we have the fixed-X least mean square algorithm (3) where is estimated as . Once the filter coefficients have been updated, the active noise canceling control signal is then obtained as (4) Fig.…”

Section: Control Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For homes close to airports and highways, windows constitute the primary path through which noise enters a home. Therefore, window improvements provide the most satisfaction to home dwellers [1]. This paper explores the develop- ment of double-glazed windows with embedded active control systems to achieve significant reduction in noise transmission, especially for low frequency airport noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Control of Sound Transmission Through Windows With Carbon Nanotube-Based Transparent Actuators

Rajamani

Stelson

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

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This paper explores the development of active sound transmission control systems for windows that can achieve a significant reduction in window noise transmission. Two major challenges need to be addressed in order to make the development of such noise blocking windows feasible. These are the need for a distributed actuation system that is optically transparent and the unavailability of a real-time reference signal that can be used by the active control system to provide advance information on the noise affecting the window. To address the first challenge, a transparent thin-film actuator (speaker) is first developed for the control system, which consists of a piezoelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film coated with compliant carbon nanotube-based transparent conductors on both sides. The developed thin-film speaker shows excellent acoustic response over a broadband frequency range, and has the advantages of being flexible, transparent, thin, and lightweight. To address the second challenge of providing a time-advanced reference signal from a moving noise source, a small microphone array distributed on the outside wall of the home is used. New noise source identification algorithms are employed, by which an appropriate microphone from the array can be chosen to provide a reference signal. Experimental results show that over 12 dB reduction in sound transmission is achieved globally in the case of broadband sound, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the control system in blocking sound transmission.Index Terms-Active noise control (ANC), carbon nanotubes, noise source identification, sound transmission, transparent thin-film actuator, windows.

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“…Where indoor noise levels exceeded the new environmental limit, infrastructure owners, among them, the Norwegian Public Road Authorities, were obliged to comply with the new regulations before the year 2005. One measure reducing indoor noise exposure, indoor noise annoyance and sleep disturbance is façade insulation [1][2][3]. To meet the new noise limits, the Norwegian Public Road Authorities introduced a façade insulation programme affecting 2,500 dwellings nationally and, to capitalize on the research opportunity presented, the Norwegian Façade Insulation Study [4] was realised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting Road-Noise Abatement Measures: Economic Analysis of Different Policy Objectives

Klæboe¹

2011

TOTJ

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Abstract:To satisfy new legislation, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration implemented a national façade insulation program encompassing 2,500 dwellings exposed to high levels of road traffic noise. Thereby, the road owner brought the equivalent noise levels from road traffic in compliance with a new indoor limit of 42dB. Cost-effectiveness analyses show that façade insulation was the least expensive noise-control alternative per dwelling. However, cost-benefit analyses show that the benefits were less than 20 per cent of costs. One reason for the poor benefit-cost ratio is that only the residents of the targeted dwellings benefit from at-receiver measures. Measures at the source and/or targeting the propagation paths also provide noise benefits for residents living along the same streets as the most noise exposed and inadequately insulated dwellings.A mixed noise abatement policy employing low-noise asphalts in addition to façade insulation is therefore considered. For 750 dwellings where two or more of the dwellings were located along the same road stretch, low noise asphalts replaced façade insulation as noise abatement method. Façade insulation was kept as noise abatement method for the remaining 1,750 dwellings. The mixed noise abatement policy costs more, but now provides total benefits that match the total costs.Even higher benefit-cost ratios are obtained when reframing the economic analyses within the context of a national policy to reduce noise annoyance, and when focussing solely on more densely populated areas where low-noise asphalts is a viable alternative to façade insulation. Since environmental authorities are in the process of further lowering the indoor noise limit, the road authorities should consider preparing an organisational and financial framework for implementing low-noise surfaces based on cost-benefit calculations. Such a policy would have the added benefit of improving urban soundscapes for a significant number of residents, workers, cyclists, pedestrians and children.

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The effectiveness and acceptability of measures for insulating dwellings against traffic noise

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Invisible speakers in home windows for simultaneous auxiliary audio playback and active noise cancellation

Invisible speakers in home windows for simultaneous auxiliary audio playback and active noise cancellation

Active Control of Sound Transmission Through Windows With Carbon Nanotube-Based Transparent Actuators

Selecting Road-Noise Abatement Measures: Economic Analysis of Different Policy Objectives

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