The effective management of a leg hemangioma using ultrasound-guided interstitial photodynamic therapy

The Photosensitizer Temoporfin (mTHPC) – Chemical, Pre‐clinical and Clinical Developments in the Last Decade†‡

“…A number of reviews have appeared giving of overview on the use of PDT in this indication (535)(536)(537)(538)(539). Though the majority of clinical applications of temoporfin PDT in the head and neck area are focused on cancer, it has also been successfully employed for other malformations in this region of the body (Table 3) (497,500,503,504,507,508,515,517,(519)(520)(521). The predominant number of clinical investigations were performed with a dose of 0.15 mg temoporfin per kg of body weight, a DLI of 96 h, and illumination at 652 nm with 20 J per cm 2 ; however, there are reports where a different dosage and other DLIs as well as other light dosages have been used (483,498,504,509,510).…”

“…One way to overcome this problem is the use of an interstitial treatment, whereby multiple fibers are introduced into the tumor tissue allowing to treat of the complete tumor mass and improving local tumor control (541). This treatment variant has been applied for many cases in the head and neck area using temoporfin PDT (469,483,(489)(490)(491)(492)(493)497,501,502,(504)(505)(506)(507)511,513,514,517,(519)(520)(521). To achieve complete illumination of the tumor a correct positioning of the fibers is important; this treatment is usually supported using imaging methods like MR, CT or mostly ultrasound (469,491,492,497,500,(504)(505)(506)(507)511,517,520,521).…”

“…This treatment variant has been applied for many cases in the head and neck area using temoporfin PDT (469,483,(489)(490)(491)(492)(493)497,501,502,(504)(505)(506)(507)511,513,514,517,(519)(520)(521). To achieve complete illumination of the tumor a correct positioning of the fibers is important; this treatment is usually supported using imaging methods like MR, CT or mostly ultrasound (469,491,492,497,500,(504)(505)(506)(507)511,517,520,521). In addition, fluorescence-based methods like fluorescence differential path length spectroscopy have been used (514,542).…”

“…Therefore, the most common side effects apart from pain are phototoxic reactions, e.g. skin photosensitivity, skin burns or phototoxic reactions at the injection site (see also Table 3) (466,467,495,506,520,540). Most of these may be avoided or limited by strictly adhering to the light-protection given in the patient information.…”

A Novel Treatment Modality for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Using a Dual-Effect Liposome to Combine Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy

“…This therapeutic modality has been used in clinics to treat various medical conditions such as localized infections, skin diseases, premalignant and malignant disorders [15,16]. PDT has been employed in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [17,18], sarcomas [19], and vascular anomalies [20,21]. PS activation by light irradiation generates reactive oxygen species, especially singlet oxygen, resulting in cellular damage and death [22].…”