Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Human apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a lipid transport protein coded by the polymorphic APOE gene, with three major alleles: ε2, ε3 and ε4. After age, the ε4 allele is the greatest risk factor for developing sporadic AD, conferring an increased risk of 3–4 and 8–12 times for one or two copies of the allele, respectively. This risk is reported to vary by demographic factors including sex, ethnicity and geography. In order to understand the risk of ApoE ε4 in relation to age, the primary risk factor for developing AD, we need to understand how the prevalence of APOE genotypes changes with age. Here, we present the first data on age-related prevalence of APOE ε4 in AD in three AD cohorts in Australia and the USA. There is a significant association between age and ε4 prevalence, particularly for ε4 homozygotes, such that as age increases the prevalence of ε4 decreases. Further studies on a random, population-based sample of the population are needed to provide more generalizable data, particularly in the >90-year-old age group.

Differential cross sections of the exclusive process ep → e π + n were measured with good precision in the range of the photon virtuality Q 2 = 1.8 − 4.5 GeV 2 , and the invariant mass range of the π + n final state W = 1.6 − 2.0 GeV using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Data were collected with nearly complete coverage in the azimuthal and polar angles of the nπ + center-of-mass system. More than 37,000 cross section points were measured. The contributions of the isospin I = + resonance our analysis shows significant strength for the A 1/2 amplitude at Q 2 < 2.5 GeV 2 .

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Background: Measurements of polarization observables for the reactions γ p → K + and γ p → K + 0 have been performed. This is part of a program of measurements designed to study the spectrum of baryon resonances in particular, and nonperturbative QCD in general. Purpose: The accurate measurement of several polarization observables provides tight constraints for phenomenological fits, which allow the study of strangeness in nucleon and nuclear systems. Beam-recoil observables for the γ p → K + 0 reaction have not been reported before now. Method: The measurements were carried out using linearly polarized photon beams incident on a liquid hydrogen target, and the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The energy range of the results is 1.71 < W < 2.19 GeV, with an angular range −0.75 < cos θ K < +0.85. Results: The observables extracted for both reactions are beam asymmetry , target asymmetry T , and the beam-recoil double polarization observables O x and O z .

These results suggest that rAd-p53 combined with fSRT is a relatively safe and effective method for treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma compared with only fSRT. Thus, rAd-p53 combined with fractionated SRT may be preferred as a choice of local treatment for primary HCC when the patients are inoperable or when the patients refuse operation.

High-statistics measurements of differential cross sections and spin density matrix elements for the reaction γp → φp have been made using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. We cover center-of-mass energies ( √ s) from 1.97 to 2.84 GeV, with an extensive coverage in the φ production angle. The high statistics of the data sample made it necessary to carefully account for the interplay between the φ natural lineshape and effects of the detector resolution, that are found to be comparable in magnitude. We study both the charged-Further, for the charged mode, we differentiate between the cases where the final K − track is directly detected or its momentum reconstructed as the total missing momentum in the event. The two charged-mode topologies and the neutral-mode have different resolutions and are calibrated against each other. Extensive usage is made of kinematic fitting to improve the reconstructed φ mass resolution. Our final results are reported in 10-and mostly 30-MeV-wide √ s bins for the charged-and the neutral-modes, respectively. Possible effects from K + * channels with pKK final states are discussed. These present results constitute the most precise and extensive φ photoproduction measurements to date and in conjunction with the ω photoproduction results recently published by CLAS, will greatly improve our understanding of low energy vector meson photoproduction.

The mechanisms that underpin the formation, growth and composition of otoliths, the biomineralized stones in the inner ear of fish, are largely unknown, as only a few fish inner ear proteins have been reported. Using a partial transcriptome for the inner ear of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), in conjunction with proteomic data, we discovered hundreds of previously unknown proteins in the otolith. This allowed us to develop hypotheses to explain the mechanisms of inorganic material supply and daily formation of growth bands. We further identified a likely protein mediator of crystal nucleation and an explanation for the apparent metabolic inertness of the otolith. Due to the formation of both daily and annual increments, otoliths are routinely employed as natural chronometers, being used for age and growth estimation, fisheries stock assessments, and the reconstruction of habitat use, movement, diet and the impacts of climate change. Our findings provide an unprecedented view of otolith molecular machinery, aiding in the interpretation of these essential archived data.

Results are presented for the first measurement of the double-polarization helicity asymmetry E for the eta photoproduction reaction gamma p -> eta p. Data were obtained using the FROzen Spin Target (FROST) with the CLAS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Lab, covering a range of center-of-mass energy W from threshold to 2.15 GeV and a large range in center-of-mass polar angle. As an initial application of these data, the results have been incorporated into the Julich-Bonn model to examine the case for the existence of a narrow N* resonance between 1.66 and 1.70 GeV. The addition of these data to the world database results in marked changes in the predictions for the Eobservable from that model. Further comparison with several theoretical approaches indicates these data will significantly enhance our understanding of nucleon resonances. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V