The effect of zingiber officinale on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and glycemic control in diabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis: a double-blind randomized control trial

Abstract

Background Diabetes management in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease needs precision to avoid complications. The study aimed to investigate the effect of ginger supplementation on prooxidant-antioxidant balance, glycemic management, and renal function in diabetic hemodialysis patients. Trial design and methods Forty-four patients were randomly allocated to either the ginger or the placebo group in this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients in the ginger group received 2000 mg/d ginger for eight weeks, whereas those in the placebo group received equivalent placebos. After a 12- to 14-h fast, serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, urea, creatinine, and prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The homeostatic model evaluation of insulin resistance was used to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results Serum levels of FBG (p = 0.001), HOMA-IR (p = 0.001), and urea (p = 0.017) were considerably lower in the ginger group compared to baseline, and the difference was significant when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Moreover, ginger supplementation decreased serum levels of creatinine (p = 0.034) and PAB (p = 0.013) within the group, but the effect was insignificant between groups (p > 0.05). On the other hand, insulin levels did not vary significantly across and among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In summary, this study indicated that in diabetic hemodialysis patients, ginger could result to lower blood glucose levels, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and lower serum urea levels. Further studies with a more extended intervention period and various doses and forms of ginger are needed. Trial registration IRCT20191109045382N2. (06/07/2020), Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/48467

Effect of Aromatic Herbs and Spices Present in the Mediterranean Diet on the Glycemic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…There was some heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the study populations. In summary, twenty studies recruited non-insulin-dependent T2DM subjects with the following characteristics [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]: in nine studies, the subjects received only oral antidiabetic drugs [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]; in three studies, the subjects were newly T2DM-diagnosed subjects [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]; in three studies, the T2DM subjects had a chronic renal disease [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]; in two studies, the T2DM subjects reported levels of HbA1c higher than 7% [ 56 , 57 ]; in two studies, the T2DM subjects had normal blood pressure [ 58 , 59 ]; in two studies, the T2DM subjects were women without cardiovascular disease [ 60 , 61 ]; in one study, the subjects were T2DM postmenopausal women [ 62 ]; in one study, the T2DM subjects also had hyperlipidemia [ 63 ]; and in one study, T2DM subjects also had a metabolic syndrome [ 64...…”

“…The dosage of turmeric supplementation varied between 80 and 2000 mg, with 2000 mg being the most prevalent. Nine studies analyzed the effect of ginger in T2DM subjects, all of which utilized a two-arm intervention [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 59 ]. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the dosage of ginger supplementation, ranging from 600 to 3000 mg, with 2000 mg being the most frequently employed.…”

“…Out of the ten articles analyzing the effect of ginger on the glycemic profile, nine used capsules with very heterogeneous dosages, and only one included ginger supplementation in black tea. Most studies prescribed 2000 mg of ginger per day [ 29 , 36 , 53 , 59 ], although others prescribed more, reaching 3000 mg/day [ 30 , 31 ], while others prescribed lower dosages, 1600 mg per day [ 35 ] or even less with only 600 mg per day [ 49 , 52 ].…”

“…Arablou et al [ 35 ], Arzati et al [ 36 ], and Azim et al [ 32 ] reported a slight not significant decrease in fasting glucose after supplementation, while Mahluji et al [ 59 ] showed a slight increase in both the supplementation and placebo groups. Conversely, four studies reported a significant decrease only in the supplemented group at the end of the intervention [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 53 ]. Another two studies showed that the decrease in fasting glucose occurred both in the group that received ginger and the placebo group [ 49 , 52 ].…”

Effect of Zingiber officinale on Lipid Profile and Some Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial

“…In recent years, the use of complementary and alternative medicine for the management of chronic diseases has become popular [17][18][19]. Also, nutrition therapy and adjunct medication strategies have proven to be reliable methods for controlling the disease in diabetic patients with ESRD [7,20]. Regarding their anti-infammatory efects, spices are of great importance.…”