The effect of visible radiation on the functional life-span of mammalian and avian spermatozoa

Norman, C.; Goldberg, Erwin; Porterfield, I.D.

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(62)90313-0

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The shorter wavelengths of visible light are detrimental to the mobility of bovine spermatozoa (Norman and Goldberg, 1959;Van Duijn, 1961;Norman et al, 1962;Foote, 1967) and similarly, "visible" light immobilized sea urchin sperm (Wells and Giese, 1950). In all of these reports, the production of intra-and extracellular hydrogen peroxide was involved in the immobilization of the sperm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The addition of catalase (Giese and Wells, 1952;Norman etal., 1962;Foote, 1967) or the removal of oxygen in the sperm's environment (Foote, 1967) afforded the sperm protection from light. Norman et al, (1962) found that light exposure of 4, 7, and 10 hr had a progressively more damaging effect on the fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored in a phosphate-glucose 'Paper No. 9582 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7601.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Artificial Illumination on Turkey Sperm Viability ,

Williams

Siopes

1985

Poultry Science

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The effects of direct exposure of turkey semen to artificial lighting on the quality of the spermatozoa were investigated. Undiluted (neat) and diluted semen were exposed to light or dark treatments for 4 or 6 hr while held at 5, 15, or 25 C. The percentage of normal, abnormal and dead sperm, and the percent fertility was determined after various light and dark treatments. Neat semen held in light at 5, 15, and 25 C, and dilute semen held at 5 and 25 C, contained significantly greater numbers of normal spermatozoa than semen exposed to the dark. A significant rise in the number of abnormal and dead spermatozoa was seen in treated samples held in the dark. Both neat and extended semen exposed to blue light (peak 450 nm) contained significantly greater numbers of normal spermatozoa and fewer abnormal spermatozoa than semen treated with red light (peak 650 nm) after both 4 and 6 hr of treatment. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa exposed to light was greater than that of spermatozoa exposed to dark. Artificial insemination of hens with semen exposed to light or darkness for 6 hr resulted in an initial percentage of fertile eggs of about 40% and 24% from the light and dark treated semen, respectively. It was concluded that light resulted in improved quality of turkey semen during a short-term holding period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Artificial Illumination on Turkey Sperm Viability ,

Williams

Siopes

1985

Poultry Science

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“…An analysis of the relationship between wavelength and photosensitized oxidation in sperm suggested that blue light produced maximum harm. Exposure of sperm to the relatively energy-rich red end of the spectrum had no effect on their progressive motility (Norman, Goldberg & Porterfield, 1960).…”

Section: Norman and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and fertility of bovine sperm kept at variable temperatures in coconut milk extender

et al. 1962

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Bovine spermatozoa aged for 6–7 days at room temperatures (18–30° C.) in a coconut milk extender retained their fertilizing capacity. However, their fertilizing ability appeared to be impaired by environmental hazards in the form of oxygen damage, exposure to visible light, and temperature shock. Protective measures developed and used in the preparation and in the storage of the sperm suspensions to minimize premature loss of sperm function involved the addition of catalase and egg yolk to the extender and the maintenance of cell suspensions in the dark in vials containing a minimal air space. The experimental evidence obtained with this improved coconut milk extender established its ability to support and sustain the fertilizing capacity of bovine sperm for 6–7 days at room temperatures at a level comparable to the fertilizing capacity of refrigerated sperm in milk-glycerol or egg yolk-citrate-glycine extenders. The economic importance of this room temperature diluent is suggested by the fact that it eliminates the costly refrigeration required to maintain stored and shipped bovine semen at 5° C.Coconut milk extender modified by the addition of 5% egg yolk also proved to be a satisfactory storage medium for sperm at low temperatures. It was found to be superior to both egg yolk-citrate and skim-milk extenders in conserving motility at 5° C. The fertilizing capacity of Ayrshire and Brown Swiss sperm stored at 5° C. in coconut milk extender which contained 15% coconut milk and 5% egg yolk compared favourably with the fertilizing capacity reported for sperm stored at 5° C. in other more widely used diluents. The number of motile sperm recovered from this extender after freezing to −79° C. was comparable to the number of motile sperm recovered from the egg yolk-citrate and skim-milk test diluents. The results of this study indicate that coconut milk extender is a versatile, easily prepared medium which can be used to preserve functional sperm over a wide temperature range.

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“…Among the prokaryotes visible radiation and near-ultraviolet radiation have been reported to kill or inhibit the growth of the heterotropic bacteria Streptococcus salivarius (4), Escherichia coli (17,19,20) (8,31), the colorless algae Prototheca zopfii (14) and Astasia longa (8), and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10,15,24,25,34), have also been reported to be inhibited by blue light. Various processes in cells of higher plants and animals have also been reported to be inhibited by blue or near-ultraviolet light, such as cell division (21, 42), respiration (35,33) and motility of sperm (41,28,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various processes in cells of higher plants and animals have also been reported to be inhibited by blue or near-ultraviolet light, such as cell division (21,42), respiration (35,33) and motility of sperm (41,28,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Respiration in Prototheca zopfii by Light

Epel¹,

Butler²

1970

Plant Physiol.

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Irradiation of cells of Prototheca zopfii with blue light inhibited the respiratory capacity of the cells. The inhibition of respiration was correlated with a photodestruction of cytochrome c(551), cytochrome b(559), and cytochrome a3. Cytochrome c(549), cytochrome b(555), and cytochrome b(564) were unaffected by the irradiation treatment. The a-band of reduced cytochrome a was shifted from 599 to 603 nm by irradiation, an effect similar to that observed when methanol was added to nonirradiated cells. The presence of oxygen was required during irradiation for both photoinhibition of respiration and photodestruction of the cytochromes. Cytochrome a3 was protected against photodestruction by cyanide. Photodestruction of these same cytochromes also occurred when washed mitochondria of P. zopfii were irradiated.Blue and near-ultraviolet radiation are inhibitory or lethal to a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms and to a number of tissues of higher plants and animals. Among the prokaryotes visible radiation and near-ultraviolet radiation have been reported to kill or inhibit the growth of the heterotropic bacteria Streptococcus salivarius (4), Escherichia coli (17,19,20) (8,31), the colorless algae Prototheca zopfii (14) and Astasia longa (8), and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10,15,24,25,34), have also been reported to be inhibited by blue light. Various processes in cells of higher plants and animals have also been reported to be inhibited by blue or near-ultraviolet light, such as cell division (21, 42), respiration (35,33) and motility of sperm (41,28,29).In spite of such a large literature on the inhibitory effects of blue and near-ultraviolet radiations, there have been few definitive investigations focused on molecular mechanisms, with the

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The effect of visible radiation on the functional life-span of mammalian and avian spermatozoa

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Artificial Illumination on Turkey Sperm Viability ,

Effects of Artificial Illumination on Turkey Sperm Viability ,

Survival and fertility of bovine sperm kept at variable temperatures in coconut milk extender

Inhibition of Respiration in Prototheca zopfii by Light

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