The Effect of Violence on Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Homicides in Rural Brazil

Abstract

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The effect of prenatal stress on cooperation: Evidence from violent conflict in Uganda

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“…Pool et al (2014) argued violence has a detrimental effect on the health of unborn babies, including contributing to disabilities, body disfiguring, and pregnancy loss. These health difficulties are more pronounced among pregnant women with low educational and socioeconomic status (Koppensteiner & Manacorda, 2013).…”

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