The Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Diet on mRNA Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Peripheral Monocytes of Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Serum concentrations and tissue expression of components of insulin-like growth factor-axis in females with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity: The influence of very-low-calorie diet

“…It has been suggested that most of the adipose tissue macrophages in fat are derived from circulating monocytes recruited to adipose tissue by various chemoattractants (Cancello et al, 2005). Our previous study has shown that the interplay between adipose tissue and circulating monocytes may be critically important in the development of the systemic subclinical inflammation and type 2 diabetes (Mraz et al, 2011). In the present work we therefore tried to explore, whether IGF-1 axis components contribute to dysregulation of glucose metabolism and the development of subclinical inflammation on the level of mRNA expression in peripheral monocytes and subcutaneous adipose tissue.…”

“…In previous studies, low-grade subclinical inflammation arising in adipose tissue in obesity has been proposed to play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes (Wellen et Hotamisligil, 2003;Xu et al, 2003;Hotamisligil, 2006) with both adipocytes as well as adipose tissue macrophages contributing to this inflammatory process (Mraz et al, 2011;del Pozo et al, 2011). It has been suggested that most of the adipose tissue macrophages in fat are derived from circulating monocytes recruited to adipose tissue by various chemoattractants (Cancello et al, 2005).…”

Chylomicrons: A Key Biomarker and Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease and for the Understanding of Obesity

“…Excessive adipose tissue is associated with increased proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, and accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages. In a recent study, significantly increased mRNA expressions of different chemokine ligands and receptors were found in monocytes as well as in adipose tissue from obese subjects with and without T2DM [69]. This results in a vicious circle of postprandial lipemia, obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and weight gain, subsequently leading to a higher risk of CVD (Fig.…”

“…Moreover, the amount of ingested fat remains the most important dietary factor influencing postprandial lipemia, not the qualitative aspects of the dietary fat [70]. After 2 weeks of a very low caloric diet in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, postprandial lipemia was significantly improved and proinflammatory factors in subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral monocytes were reduced [69].…”

NALP3 inflammasome activation in protein misfolding diseases

“…Metabolic stress due to chronic hyperglycemia stimulates inflammasome mediated production of proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, which in turn activates signaling pathways that result in pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction [14,18,47]. Fatty acids, glucose, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) have been put forward as metabolic danger signals that possess the capacity to activate the inflammasome and stimulate IL-1β production in T2DM patients [10].…”