The Effect of Urinary Glucose Excretion on the Plasma Glucose Clearances and Plasma Insulin Responses to Intravenous Glucose Loads in Unanaesthesized Dogs

Abstract

The seasonal pattern of terpene content and emission by seven Mediterranean woody species was studied under field conditions. Emission rates were normalized at 30ЊC and 1000 mol·m Ϫ2 ·s Ϫ1 PFD (photosynthetic photon flux density). Bupleurum fruticosum, Pinus halepensis, and Cistus albidus stored large amounts of terpenes (0.01-1.77% [dry matter]) with maximum values in autumn and minimum values in spring. They emitted large amounts of terpenes (2-40 g·g DM Ϫ1 ·h Ϫ1 ), but with no clear seasonal trend except for Cistus albidus, which had maximum values in spring and minimum values in autumn. The nonstoring species Arbutus unedo, Erica arborea, Quercus coccifera and Quercus ilex also emitted large amounts of terpenes (0-40 g·g DM Ϫ1 ·h Ϫ1 ) and also tended to present maximum emission rates in spring, although this trend was significant only for A. unedo. At the seasonal scale, emission rates did not follow changes in photosynthetic rates; instead, they mostly followed changes in temperature. From autumn to spring, the least volatile monoterpenes such as limonene were emitted at highest rates, whereas the most volatile monoterpenes such as ␣-pinene and ␤-pinene were the most emitted in summer. The monoterpene emission rates represented a greater percentage of the photosynthetic carbon fixation in summer (from 0.51% in Arbutus unedo to 5.64% in Quercus coccifera) than in the rest of the seasons. All these seasonality trends must be considered when inventorying and modeling annual emission rates in Mediterranean ecosystems.

Diagnosis of insulinoma in the dog: A study of 11 cases

“…The use of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and insulin responses to different glucose loads have been investigated in normal and diabetic dogs (Kaneko and others 1977,1978, Rottiers and others 1981 Mattheeuws and others 1984). Reports concerning the diagnostic potential of the IVGTT in dogs with suspected insulinoma are few and results appear inconsistent.…”

Avaliação dietética de amidos pelas respostas glicêmica e insulinêmica em cães

“…Outro fator que pode ter tido um papel marcante na similaridade da intensidade da resposta glicêmica dos regimes é a clearance renal da glicose sangüínea, descrita por Kaneko et al (1978), que acontece durante os intervalos de tempo que separam os horários de coleta das amostras sangüíneas.…”

Optimisation of the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to reduce urinary glucose spilling in horses

“…The same factor was implicated when a steep decrease in blood glucose concentrations was detected after the initial peak when i.v. dextrose boluses were administered in 2 studies performed in dogs (Kaneko et al 1978;Rottiers et al 1981). Additionally, increased blood glucose concentrations are expected to facilitate glucose disposal by their mass effect.…”

“…The second phase insulin response to glucose is higher than the first phase peak in isolated Islets of Langerhans from rats, whereas the second phase is flat and lower than the first phase peak in mice (Henquin et al 2002). Administration of glucose to dogs at different dosages has also failed to elicit biphasic insulin secretion (Kaneko et al 1978;Rottiers et al 1981). Furthermore, secondary plasma insulin peaks registered in human subjects undergoing glucose tolerance tests correspond to exogenous insulin administration or injection of the insulin secretagogue tolbutamide (Bergman et al 1987;Katz et al 2000).…”