The Effect of Urbanization on Labor Turnover*

Finney, Miles; Kohlhase, Janet E.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00553.x

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Finney & Kohlhase, 2008;Andersson & Thulin, 2013). Search processes towards a quality match in which graduates also learn about their own job preferences and what they do well should therefore be quicker (Wheeler, 2006).…”

Section: Wage Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Market Thickness and the Early Labour Market Career of University Graduates: An Urban Advantage?

Ahlin¹,

Andersson²,

Thulin³

2014

Spatial Economic Analysis

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We analyse the influence of market thickness for skills on initial wages and the early job market career of university graduates. Using Swedish micro-level panel data on a cohort of graduates, we show that two out of three graduates move to large cities upon graduation. Large cities increase employment probabilities and yield higher rewards to human capital, even after controlling for employment selection. The premium on initial wages for graduates in urban regions is in the interval of 5-6%, and we estimate a wage-growth premium of about 2-4%. Thicker markets for skills appear as a key reason for the concentration of graduates to larger cities.Épaisseur du marché initial de l'emploi pour les diplômés universitaires -un avantage en ville?RÉSUMÉ nous analysons l'influence de l'épaisseur du marché en compétences sur les salaires de départ, et le marché initial de l'emploi pour les diplômés universitaires. En utilisant des données de panel à micro-niveau, en Suède, appliqués à une cohorte de diplômés, nous montrons que deux diplômés sur trois se rendent dans une grande ville dès qu'ils se sont diplômés. Les grandes villes augmentent les possibilités de trouver un emploi, et apportent une rentabilité supérieure pour le capital humain, même en tenant compte du processus de sélection. La rémunération de départ des diplômés en zone urbaine est supérieure de l'ordre de 5 à 6 pour cent, et nous estimons que l'augmentation des salaires est supérieure, elle aussi, de 2 à 4 pour cent. Des marchés plus épais pour les compétences semble être la principale raison de la concentration de diplômés dans les grandes villes.

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Section: Wage Growthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Market Thickness and the Early Labour Market Career of University Graduates: An Urban Advantage?

Ahlin¹,

Andersson²,

Thulin³

2014

Spatial Economic Analysis

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“…With respect to urbanization, it has been posited that cities have the advantage of matching the skills of the workforce to local jobs (Helsley and Strange, ; Kim, , ; Sato, ; Wheeler, ; Finney and Kohlhase, ). Urban areas place a large number of people in close proximity to a large number of potential employers as urbanization decreases the cost of making market transactions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Macroeconomic Determinants of Youth Employment in Africa

Anyanwu¹

2013

African Development Review

104

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The purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of youth employment in Africa as well as investigate its macroeconomic determinants, with a view to proffering some solutions. Our empirical estimates, using available cross-sectional data over the period [1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009] show that a nation's domestic investment rate is found to be positively and significantly associated with youth employment in the overall Africa and sub-Saharan estimations. However, domestic investment rate is negatively and significantly associated with youth employment in North Africa. Government consumption expenditures negatively and significantly affect youth employment in sub-Saharan Africa. Rising inflation is negatively and significantly associated with youth employment in North Africa. The level of real GDP per capita has a negative and statistically significant effect in both the overall Africa and North Africa youth employment. The quadratic term of real GDP per capita is positive in sign and significant only in the youth employment estimation for the whole of Africa. We find that real GDP growth positively and significantly affects youth employment in the overall Africa, sub-Saharan and North Africa estimations. Other important variables considered are globalization indicators (FDI and trade openness), credit to the private sector, ICT infrastructure, education, demographic factors, institutionalized democracy, time trend, net oil-exporting/importing country, and regional dummies. Key policy implications include increased productive domestic investment; promoting government expenditure effectiveness; reforming the fiscal systems for consolidation by all levels of government; effective regulation of FDI for domestic job creation; improvements in the diversification, competitiveness and value addition of African export commodities; encouragement of entrepreneurship and access to financing for the youth; greater productive infrastructure development; up-skilling, better training and education for the low-skilled workforce; the promotion of effective democracy that will design policies friendly to youth job creation; and efficient management of oil and other natural resources throughout the value chain.

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“…The relationship between urban agglomeration and economic growth has not only attracted attention from academic researchers, but has also become a major policy concern [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Differing from localization economies (implying that firms can derive benefits from the presence of same industry firms in a geographical area), agglomeration suggests that firms can benefit from diversified economic activities' geographical concentration in a particular area [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversified Agglomeration, Specialized Agglomeration, and Emission Reduction Effect—A Nonlinear Test Based on Chinese City Data

2018

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Industrialization and urbanization has rapidly advanced in China. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution resolves questions if intensive or dispersed development should be adopted for the future Chinese industry or not. By distinguishing between specialized and diversified agglomeration, this paper adopts the threshold regression method to investigate the differentiated influence of industrial agglomeration stages on pollution emission reduction. This was based on panel data from 2003 to 2016 on 285 prefecture-level cities in China. The result indicates that moderate degrees of industrial agglomeration and suitable agglomeration modes are conducive for the reduction of pollution emission. From a perspective of environmental protection, the development of diversified agglomeration is superior to that of specialized agglomeration. Specifically, a "U-shaped" relationship was found between specialized agglomeration and environmental pollution, suggesting that the former first mitigated and then worsened environmental pollution. This staged evolution of diversified agglomeration exerts a more-complex influence on environmental pollution. The following policy implications have been proposed: The currently implemented industrial growth pole strategy in China should fully utilize the "self-purification" effect of agglomeration to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Furthermore, differentiated agglomeration policies should be formulated in response to various growth poles according to different stages of industrial agglomeration. In addition, efforts should be made towards creating an interactive early warning mechanism for the spatial distribution of both economic activities and pollution.

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The Effect of Urbanization on Labor Turnover*

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Market Thickness and the Early Labour Market Career of University Graduates: An Urban Advantage?

Market Thickness and the Early Labour Market Career of University Graduates: An Urban Advantage?

Characteristics and Macroeconomic Determinants of Youth Employment in Africa

Diversified Agglomeration, Specialized Agglomeration, and Emission Reduction Effect—A Nonlinear Test Based on Chinese City Data

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