The effect of type of atmospheric gas on milling behavior of nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy

Mahboubi, Amir; Karimzadeh, F.; Soufiani, Arman Mahboubi

doi:10.1016/j.apt.2012.01.003

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The quality and properties of the feedstock materials depend a lot on the manufacturing process, which, in the case of metal powders for LPBF, can be quite varied [18,[62][63][64][65][66][67], ranging from rotary, water, and gas atomization [66][67][68][69][70] to the plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) [71,72]. Furthermore, in order to make the additive manufacturing process more cost-efficient and to reduce the price of the feedstock, the reuse of scraps and chips produced by traditional manufacturing of expensive metals and alloys (i.e., Ti-6Al-4V, aluminum) was proposed via spheroidization [73,74] and milling [75,76].…”

Section: Powder Feedstock Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Reuse in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Side Effects of the Laser—Metal Powder Interaction

Santecchia

Spigarelli

Cabibbo

2020

Metals

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Metal additive manufacturing is changing the way in which engineers and designers model the production of three-dimensional (3D) objects, with rapid growth seen in recent years. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is the most used metal additive manufacturing technique, and it is based on the efficient interaction between a high-energy laser and a metal powder feedstock. To make LPBF more cost-efficient and environmentally friendly, it is of paramount importance to recycle (reuse) the unfused powder from a build job. However, since the laser-powder interaction involves complex physics phenomena and generates by-products which might affect the integrity of the feedstock and the final build part, a better understanding of the overall process should be attained. The present review paper is focused on the clarification of the interaction between laser and metal powder, with a strong focus on its side effects. Figure 1. Schematics of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) equipment. Adapted from Reference [9] with permission from Elsevier.While the market and the applications of laser powder bed fusion continuously and impressively grew in recent years, there is a common view across users and researchers concerning the repeatability of the process in terms of chemical composition and mechanical properties of the final parts, which are of paramount importance when challenging environmental or testing conditions are considered [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].The most typical approach to study the microstructural and mechanical properties of parts built by LPBF is to compare them with castings of the same alloy or, rather, the corresponding alloy since the starting material is metal powder rather than a fuse. However, in some existing alloys designed for cast and wrought parts, laser additive manufacturing processing results in cracking or other microstructure deficiencies [11,12,16,17]. It is worth noting that LPBF has more similarities with laser welding rather than casting, since the two laser-based techniques have some common features (i.e., melt-pool formation, moving heat source) [18]. However, process parameters are, in general, quite different in terms of laser power and scan speed, and the laser-matter interaction is much more complicated in LPBF processes, since the powder feedstock is inherently unstable and the solidified material undergoes multiple thermal cycles corresponding to the fusion of subsequent layers during the additive process [19][20][21][22]. Furthermore, owing to the similarities with welding and to the complicated interaction between laser and metal particles, when comparing laser powder bed fusion with other metal forming processes, it is evident that the range of processable alloys is very limited and the number of high-productivity commercially available alloys is even smaller [23]. One of the reasons behind this is that the level of metal powder sensitivity to the laser action during LPBF is not yet fully understood, despite the efforts of the scientific community to uncover it [24][25][26][27], and ...

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Section: Powder Feedstock Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Reuse in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Side Effects of the Laser—Metal Powder Interaction

Santecchia

Spigarelli

Cabibbo

2020

Metals

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“…It has been shown that in MA/MM experiments not only the milling time but also further parameters may have significant influence on the above mentioned phenomena. These parameters include the type of the mill, 8,9 the milling tools material, [10][11][12] the intensity of milling, [13][14][15][16][214][215][216] the ball-to-powder weight ratio, [14][15][16][17][18][19] the milling temperature [20][21][22] and the milling atmosphere. 20,[23][24][25] All these parameters influence the resolved forces at the point of contact between ball and powder under a given ambience (temperature, atmosphere) and material properties.…”

Section: Principles Of Mechanical Alloying/ Milling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters include the type of the mill, 8,9 the milling tools material, [10][11][12] the intensity of milling, [13][14][15][16][214][215][216] the ball-to-powder weight ratio, [14][15][16][17][18][19] the milling temperature [20][21][22] and the milling atmosphere. 20,[23][24][25] All these parameters influence the resolved forces at the point of contact between ball and powder under a given ambience (temperature, atmosphere) and material properties. 26 Variation of these parameters can lead to differences regarding the sequence and time required for transformation and the final phase (or phases).…”

Section: Principles Of Mechanical Alloying/ Milling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mechanical alloying/milling for synthesis of nanocrystalline and amorphous materials

Enayati¹,

Mohamed²

2014

International Materials Reviews

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Mechanical alloying (MA) and mechanical milling (MM) techniques have been widely utilised over the past two decades for synthesis of various alloys and composites with equilibrium or metastable structure at room temperature. One of the most interesting features of MA/MM is the ability to produce nanocrystalline and amorphous materials. Several mechanisms for formation of nanocrystalline and amorphous structures have been introduced based on experimental findings and similarity of MA/MM to other solid-state processing routes. In this paper, the recent experimental observations reported on development of nanocrystalline and amorphous structures using ball mill technique are selectively examined and critically reviewed to provide further insight into the key issues related to this solid-state technique. The review includes four major parts. It begins with a brief introduction to MA/MM and the principles of ball milling process for synthesis of materials. The second part is devoted to the formation of nanocrystalline structure by ball milling process. The earlier studies are summarised with special emphasis on the minimum grain size obtainable by ball milling, besides the recent progresses on the prediction of minimum grain size based on dislocation models are analysed and discussed in detail. The third part deals with the amorphisation reaction induced by ball milling. This section includes the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, the criteria developed for amorphisation reaction and microstructural evolution of powders during MA leading to the amorphisation reaction. The last part is devoted to the bulk amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys produced from precursor powder.

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“…Waste can be inexpensive initial raw material for obtaining dispersion strengthened composite materials by mechanical alloying. 1 However, unfortunately, there are very few works devoted to the recycling of metal waste, such as aluminium scrap 2,3 and titanium chips, 4,5 by mechanical alloying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of mechanically alloyed composite material from waste of high purity aluminium production

Самошина¹,

Aksenov²,

Prosviryakov³

et al. 2011

Powder Metallurgy

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The present investigation has been based on the study of an opportunity of production dispersion strengthened composite material from waste of high purity aluminium production. Such waste represents an alloy with the following chemical composition: 50-60%Al, 25-35%Cu, y10%Fe and 5-10%Si. The alloy Al-25Cu-10Fe-10Si with a chemical composition typical for industrial anodic sludge has been milled in a high energy planetary mill. The change in morphology and properties of granules of this material during mechanical alloying is estimated. For an assessment of some operational characteristics, a consolidated sample is obtained. The compact sample of the material possesses a high level of hardness, both at room and at higher temperatures, low level of thermal expansion coefficient and high level of wear resistance.

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The effect of type of atmospheric gas on milling behavior of nanostructured Ti6Al4V alloy

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Material Reuse in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Side Effects of the Laser—Metal Powder Interaction

Material Reuse in Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Side Effects of the Laser—Metal Powder Interaction

Application of mechanical alloying/milling for synthesis of nanocrystalline and amorphous materials

Structure and properties of mechanically alloyed composite material from waste of high purity aluminium production

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