The effect of two concentrations of dietary protein and of formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal on the performance of high-yielding dairy cows

Abstract

In two experiments, 165 dairy cows were allotted to groups given post-partum diets ad libitum containing either 150 g (LP) or 190 to 200 g (HP) crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM).In experiment 1, which lasted 21 weeks after calving, cows were given pre-partum two amounts of energy (National Research Council (NRC) recommended amount v. 1·4 × NRC recommended amount). Pre-partum amounts of energy did not affect DM intake, milk yield or milk composition. Protein intake, including that for maintenance, was 84 and 116 g CP per kg milk in the LP and HP groups, respectively.During 2 to 6 weeks after calving the HP concentration in a diet containing 850 g concentrates and 150 g hay per kg, decreased DM intake, whereas in a diet containing 650 g concentrates and 350 g hay per kg, the HP concentration increased DM intake. During weeks 12 to 21 after calving, the HP concentration decreased milk yield from 33·0 to 28·7 kg and increased milk fat concentration from 24·1 to 29·3 g/kg. Rumen fluid ammonia-N concentrations were 135 and 200 mg/1 in cows given the LP and HP diet, respectively. Plasma urea-N concentrations were 114 and 172 mg/1 in the same groups, respectively.In experiment 2, three groups of cows were given, during 15 weeks after calving, diets LP, HP and HP containing soya-bean meal treated with formaldehyde (HPSP). Protein intake, including that for maintenance, was 71, 82 and 86 g CP per kg milk in the three groups, respectively. Mean daily milk yields during 15 weeks after calving were 37·5, 39·2 and 39·3 kg in groups LP, HP and HPSP, respectively. Cows given the LP and HP diets lost, after parturition, 22·5 kg body weight, whereas cows given the HPSP diet lost only 6·0 kg. Rumen fluid ammonia-N concentrations were 95, 175 and 81 mg/1 and plasma urea-N concentrations were 80, 200 and 143 mg/1 in cows given the LP, HP and HPSP diets, respectively. It is concluded that on certain diets high-yielding dairy cows can be given, in addition to that for maintenance, as little as 60 g CP per kg milk. Formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal may increase milk yield during the first 3 weeks after calving, and reduce body weight loss.

Effect of strategic supplementation of limiting nutrients on milk production performance in crossbred cows under field conditions

“…Sirohi et al (2013) reported that rumen bypassing of protein fractions (formaldehyde treated mustard cake) showed beneficial effect on milk production without affecting the composition in medium producing crossbred cows fed wheat straw based diets. Similar results were reported by various workers by feeding bypass protein supplements in lactating animals which may be due to increased pool of amino acids at tissue level for utilization (Kaim et al 1987, Hamilton et al 1992, Mishra et al 2006. Feeding formaldehyde protected protein at higher levels in the ration of crossbred cattle (Sampath et al1997, Shelke andThakur 2011) and buffaloes (Chatterjee and Walli 2003) improved the milk yield by 16-20%.…”

Impacts of the Source and Amount of Crude Protein on the Intestinal Supply of Nitrogen Fractions and Performance of Dairy Cows

“…Mean and median values were similar for all variables in this data set. A significant curvilinear relationship (R 2 = 0.19) was found between milk yield and the concentration of CP All data were taken or calculated from experiments reported in 112 independent studies (Barney et al, 1981;Mielke and Schingoethe, 1981;van Dijk et al, 1983;Henderson et al, 1985;Polan et al, 1985Polan et al, , 1997Van Horn et al, 1985;Broderick, 1986Broderick, , 1992Broderick, , 2003Lundquist et al, 1986;Annexstad et al, 1987;Garnsworthy and Jones, 1987;Howard et al, 1987;Jaquette et al, 1987;Kaim et al, 1987;Bowman et al, 1988;Hadsell and Sommerfeldt, 1988;Jones and Garnsworthy, 1988;Léonard and Block, 1988;Manson and Leaver, 1988;Robinson and Kennelly, 1988;Schingoethe et al, 1988;Sloan and Rowlinson, 1988;Voss et al, 1988;Bruckental et al, 1989Bruckental et al, , 2000De Gracia et al, 1989;Garnsworthy, 1989;Herrera-Saldana and Huber, 1989;Higginbotham et al, 1989;Mä ntysaari et al, 1989;Blauwiekel et al, 1990;Broderick et al, 1990Broderick et al, , 1993Canfield et al, 1990;Casper et al, 1990Casper et al, , 1999…”

Rapeseed meal as a supplementary protein for dairy cows on grass silage-based diet, with the emphasis on the Nordic AAT-PBV feed protein evaluation system

“…Cows with negative energy balances may respond more strongly to protected protein (Vérité and Journet 1977, Ahrar and Schingoethe 1979, ORSKOV et al 1981,Kaim et al 1987. In Bertilsson's (1991) experiment, where heat treatment of RSM increased milk yield, restricted feeding resulted in weight loss by the cows.…”