The effect of turbulence on NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channels [Invited]

Sait, Mohammed; Sun, Xiaobin; Alkhazragi, Omar; Alfaraj, Nasir; Kong, Meiwei; Ng, Tien Khee; Ooi, Boon S.

doi:10.3788/col201917.100013

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Several novel solutions can be adopted to build robust UWOC links that are resilient to underwater turbulence, such as employing optical receivers with large detection areas [29]. In addition, the implantation of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) configurations combats channel impairments and eases the requirement of strict positioning, acquisition, and tracking while providing high-speed connectivity [30], and resilience to turbulence [20]. Despite its advantages over LOS, it is rarely explored by researchers, as evident from Table I.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vertical Salinity Gradient on Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

et al. 2021

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The non-line-of-sight (NLOS) underwater communication can offer a viable route in signal propagation and coverage, thus mitigating the pointing, acquisition, and tracking difficulties in line-of-sight optical communication. However, implementing the NLOS link is non-trivial. While the NLOS technique relies on light scattering, i.e., channel turbulence can facilitate NLOS communication, the associated path-loss (PL) can be significant. Signal fading can degrade link robustness, which arises due to ocean water temperature and salinity fluctuation and gradients. To evaluate the robustness of NLOS in natural waters, we systematically measure the link metrics, such as the bit error ratio, PL, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), of water bodies of uniform and nonuniform vertical salinity ranging from 30-40‰ (part-per-thousand). We found that salinity-induced turbulence can establish NLOS communication with PL reduction of 2.35 dB/m and SNR increase by 32.5% for dynamic water. Furthermore, a strong correlation was obtained between the strength of signal fluctuations and the received SNR. Finally, we obtained a Gaussian distribution of the statistical scintillation behavior. These results demonstrated the benefit of using the NLOS regime for underwater wireless sensor networks for aiding designers and engineers.

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The Impact of Vertical Salinity Gradient on Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

et al. 2021

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“…The great advantage of SPADs is that their detectors do not need to a trans-conductance amplifier. This intrinsically leads to the fact that optical communications implemented with this kind of diodes can provide high detection, high accuracy and low noise measurements [119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132]. RX sensors based on SPADs still require further in-depth studies.…”

Section: The Receiver (Rx)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Optical Wireless Communications: Overview

Spagnolo

Cozzella

Leccese

2020

Sensors

207

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Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) is not a new idea, but it has recently attracted renewed interest since seawater presents a reduced absorption window for blue-green light. Due to its higher bandwidth, underwater optical wireless communications can support higher data rates at low latency levels compared to acoustic and RF counterparts. The paper is aimed at those who want to undertake studies on UOWC. It offers an overview on the current technologies and those potentially available soon. Particular attention has been given to offering a recent bibliography, especially on the use of single-photon receivers.

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“…Meanwhile, Xu et al from USTC investigated the effects of air bubbles on underwater optical wireless communication [16]. However, there is little UWOC research on the turbulent effects of water flow [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Surface currents and tides are common phenomena in the sea, which cause the motion of sediments and bubbles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links With Surface Currents and Tides for Oceanic Signal Transmission

Qiu

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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This report investigated underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) links in the presence of surface currents and tides. The scenario of surface currents and tides was generated by a sea water tank, a water pipe, and a water pump of different flow rates. It built the oceanic channel of UWOC varied with the salinity and flow rate in the UWOC transmission. The data rate of UWOC links based on a 520-nm laser diode and none-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulation can achieve 3.4 Gb/s at a bit error rate (BER) of 3.78×10 −4 in 1.8 m long sea water tank when a flow rate reached 1.08 m/s. The BER, eye-diagrams, and received signal optical power measurements showed that both the increasing salinity and flow rate cause the UWOC channel attenuation, thus degrade the performance of UWOC links.

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The effect of turbulence on NLOS underwater wireless optical communication channels [Invited]

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Vertical Salinity Gradient on Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

The Impact of Vertical Salinity Gradient on Non-Line-of-Sight Underwater Optical Wireless Communication

Underwater Optical Wireless Communications: Overview

Investigation of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications Links With Surface Currents and Tides for Oceanic Signal Transmission

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