The Effect of Trichlorethylene on the Organsim

Ahlmark, A; Forssman, S

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00782.x

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…and Soucek and Vlachova The percentage of TRI excreted as TCA in the urine varies widely: in rats by inhalation 1 2 to 7 8 % (Forssmann and Holmquist, 1953); in dogs under TRI anaesthesia S to 8 % (Barrett, Cunningham, and Johnston, 1939); in rabbits intramuscularly, less than 1 % ( Bartonicek and Soucek, 1959); in man 6 to 16% (Ahlmark and Forssman, 1951); 5 to 8% ( Bardodej and Krivucova, 1955b); 13 % (Grandjean, Munchinger, Turrian, Haas, Knoepfel, and Rosenmund, 1955); 7 to 27% (Soucek et al, 1952); 10 to 30% (Soucek and Vlachova, 1960). We found 27-4 to 35-7% (average 31-9%) which is consistent with the upper limits found by Soucek and Vlachova (1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism and Excretion of Trichloroethylene after Inhalation by Human Subjects

Bartoníček

1962

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Eight volunteers were exposed to trichloroethylene vapour (1,042 ,ug./l.) for five hours; 51 to 64% of the inhaled trichloroethylene was retained. The concentration of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in the urine was studied daily for a three-week period; on the third day both metabolites were determined in faeces, sweat, and saliva. The concentration of trichloroacetic acid in plasma and red blood cells was studied on alternate days. Of the trichloroethylene retained, 38-0 to 49 7 % was excreted in the urine as trichloroethanol and 27-4 to 35-7 % as trichloroacetic acid. Of both metabolites 8-4 % was excreted in the faeces. Sweat collected on the third day of the experiment contained 0 10 to 1P92 mg./100 ml. trichloroethanol and 0 15 to 0 35 mg./100 ml. trichloroacetic acid. In saliva the concentrations were 0 09 to 0-32 mg./100 ml. trichloroethanol and 0-10 to 0 15 mg./100 ml. trichloroacetic acid. The value of the expression trichloroethanol/ trichloroacetic acid calculated in the urine within 22 days was within the range 1-15 to 1-81.The importance of trichloroethylene to industry and the frequent occurrence of acute and chronic poisoning by this solvent led to the following studies in animals and man.It is well known that those exposed to trichloroethylene (TRI) excrete an insignificant amount of free TRI, a greater amount of monochloroacetic acid, and a considerable amount of trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the urine.Opinions on the mechanism of the toxic effect of TRI vary considerably. It is not yet known which metabolite is responsible for its toxicity. Comparison of LD50 in animals shows the order of toxicity to be: (1) Monochloroacetic acid (inhibitor of different enzyme systems); (2) TCE (powerful narcotic); (3) free TRI, and (4) TCA which is one order less toxic than TCE.Much work has been done on the excretion of TCE and TCA. Free TRI has been repeatedly determined in expired air. Little is known of TRI metabolism in man. Studies on the metabolites of TRI in plasma and blood cells have not been extensive. Little is known of other possible means of excretion, e.g. faeces. Sweat, saliva, and tears have not been studied hitherto. Although the amount of TRI metabolites excreted by routes other than the urine may be considered negligible, to us this small amount was found significant in accounting for that percentage of TRI for which there was no satisfactory explanation in our balance experiments. Analyses, therefore, of blood, sweat, saliva, and faeces, in addition to urine and expired air, in subjects exposed to a single inhalation of TRI in an exposure chamber were undertaken. Preparatory to this study experiments were carried out on the quantitative conditions for excretion of both the main metabolites of TRI in rabbit urine and a simultaneous comparison of the different metabolic balance in rabbits and man (Bartonicek and Soucek, 1959). MethodsApparatus.-The exposure chamber consisted of a brick-built room 91 m.3 hermetically sealed by a double door and ventilate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the third day after exposure to TRI the amount in faeces was 8-4%, in urine 91-6%. Ahlmark and Forssman (1951) found 8 % of the total of excreted TCA in the faeces of rats.…”

Section: -42mentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolism and Excretion of Trichloroethylene after Inhalation by Human Subjects

Bartoníček

1962

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…COMMENT Metal degreasing is the occupation from which most chronic toxic effects have been reported. Our patient was exposed for only six weeks, an unusually short duration for the development of chronic poisoning, which has been claimed never to occur with exposure of less than a few months (Ahlmark and Forssman, 1951;Grandjean et al, 1955). The effects of trichloroethylene must depend on the intensity as well as the duration of exposure.…”

Section: Medical Memoranda Medicbalsjhonalmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Because the trigeminal analgesia was thought to be a specific effect of trichloroethylene, it was used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with encouraging results (Plessner, 1916 ;Hildesheimer, 1921 ;Seelert, 1922), but later reports (Kramer, 1921 ;Blumenthal, 1924 ;Glaser, 1931) showed that the effect was due to general analgesia. Cases of trigeminal analgesia after industrial exposure were reported by Stuber (1931), Grandjean et al (1955), Andersson (1957), Hill (1966), and Buxton and Hayward (1967), and after anaesthesia by Hewer (1943) and Humphrey and McClelland (1944). Bardodej and Vyskocil (1956) studied workers in contact with trichloroethylene, and often found a neuropathy affecting the brachial plexus and first division of the fifth cranial nerve.…”

Section: Medical Memoranda Medicbalsjhonalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichloroethylene neuropathy.

Mitchell¹,

Parsons-Smith²

1969

BMJ

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“…The concentration of trichloroethylene in the factory atmospheres has been compared with the 24-hour excretion of trichloroacetic acid in the urine of the exposed workers. (Ahlmark and Forsmann, 1951 ;Grandjean et al, 1955).…”

Section: Trichloroethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of Action of Some Toxic Substances

Barnes¹

1961

BMJ

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The Effect of Trichlorethylene on the Organsim

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Metabolism and Excretion of Trichloroethylene after Inhalation by Human Subjects

Metabolism and Excretion of Trichloroethylene after Inhalation by Human Subjects

Trichloroethylene neuropathy.

Mode of Action of Some Toxic Substances

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