The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and cryotherapy in the relief of pain during labor

Abstract

Background:The delivery pain is an unpleasant experience which may generate some insecurity for the woman. Thus, some methods of analgesia need to be studied in order to generate greater comfort for the woman during labor. Objective: to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and cryotherapy (CRYO) on labor pain. Method/Design: quasi experimental study, randomized sample in two groups: TENS and CRYO. Pregnant women were selected in the Carmela Dutra Maternity (Florianópolis (SC), Brazil) according to inclusion criteria: women which are pregnant for the first time, age (18-40 years) and initial cervical dilatation of 4-5cm. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain before and after each intervention. Results: 24 parturient women were studied (TENS = 11, CRYO = 13). In the TENS group, there was a significant result in pain relief after the first application (p = 0.002). VAS was reduced from 8 to 5.5, but not significant. In the CRYO group there was reduction of pain during the first application (p = 0.008), and in the second there was an increase in pain (p = 0.008). There was a significant difference between the techniques in the evaluation performed before the second application, with a lower value attributed to the CRYO group (p = 0.034). Conclusions: CRYO and TENS were effective in relieving pain during the first phase of the initial phase of labor. However, during the treatment, in the parturient women studied, there was maintenance of pain response by the CRYO group and decrease in the TENS group without reduction significant.

Doğum Ağrısının Yönetiminde Farmakolojik Olmayan Ebelik Uygulamaları

“…Doğum ağrısının yönetimi için farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler hakkında gebeye bilgi vererek gebe karar verme sürecine dahil edilmelidir. Kadının dahil edilmediği bir süreç kadını bağımlı kılmakta ve sağlık personelini zorlamaktadır (Simkin & Bolding, 2004 tarih aralığında İngilizce "labor pain", "management of labor pain", non-pharmacological methods in management of labor pain" ve "midwife and labor pain" anahtar kelimeleri ile Türkçe "doğum ağrısı", "doğum ağrısının yönetimi", "doğum ağrısının yönetiminde farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler" ve "ebe ve doğum ağrısı" anahtar kelimeleri ile Google Akademik, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, (Simkin & Bolding, 2004;Fogarty, 2008;Hutton et al, 2009;Derry et al, 2012;Hajiamini et al, 2012;Mollamahmutoğlu ve ark., 2012;Mortazavi et al, 2012;Allameh et al, 2015;Dong et al, 2015;Bolbol-Haghighi et al, 2016;Lakhan et al, 2016;Bonapace et al, 2018;Ranjbaran et al, 2017;Ghiasi et al, 2019;Suarez et al, 2019) Science Direct (Taavoni et al, 2016;Shahoei et al, 2017;Ünalmış 2017;Ali & Hamdia 2018) Cochrane Library (Lawrence et al, 2013;Madden et al, 2016) Researchgate (Askari et al, 2016;Regis et al, (Karami et al, 2007;Hashemi et al, 2012;Barbieri et al, 2013;Ghani, 2014;İpek, 2014;Vaziri et al, 2014;Ganji et al, 2015;Rastegarzade et al, (Fogarty, 2008;Hutton et al, 2009;Derry et al, 2012;Mamuk, 2017) Araştırma…”

“…Makalesi, Cochrane Sistematik Derlemesi Solunum Teknikleri (Simkin & Bolding, 2004;Bonapace et al, 2018) Araştırma Makalesi, SOGC Klinik Uygulama Kılavuzu Gevşeme, Refleksoloji (Bonapace et al, 2018;Smith et al, 2018) SOGC Klinik Uygulama Kılavuzu, Cochrane Sistematik Derlemesi Müzik (Simkin & Bolding, 2004;Bonapace et al, 2018;Smith et al, 2018) Araştırma (Payendah et al, 2017;Regis et al, 2017;Shahoei et al, 2017;Veyilmuthu et al, 2017;Suarez et al, 2019) Araştırma Makalesi…”

“…Transkütan elektriksel sinir uyarımı, karıncalanma hissine sebep olur (Simkin & Bolding, 2004 SABAD, 2020;2(2), 113-130 121 (Payendah, Nassiri, Nahidi & Fouladi, 2017;Regis et al 2017;Shahoei, Shahghebi, Rezai & Naqshbandi, 2017;Veyilmuthu, Govindan, Venugopalan & Panicker, 2017;Suarez et al, 2019).…”

“…Hipnoz, Hipnoterapi, Hipnoz İle Doğum (Hipnobirting) (Simkin & Bolding, 2004;Madden et al, 2016) Araştırma Makalesi, Cochrane Sistematik Derlemesi Transkütan Elektriksel Sinir Uyarımı (Payendah et al, 2017;Regis et al, 2017;Shahoei et al, 2017;Veyilmuthu et al, 2017;Suarez et al, 2019)…”

“…Farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler; ağrı hissini ve farmakolojik ajan kullanımı ile gereksinimini azaltma konusunda etkilidir (Lawrence et al, 2013;Madden et al, 2016;Payendah et al, 2017;Regis et al 2017;Shahoei et al, 2017;Veyilmuthu et al, 2017;Suarez et al, 2019). Aynı zamanda ağrıyı azaltma konusunda farmakolojik olan yöntemlerle karşılaştırılabilir düzeyde veya daha üstündür (Simkin & Bolding, 2004;Allameh et al, 2015;Payendah et al, 2017).…”