The effect of topic importance and attitude similarity-dissimilarity on attraction in a multistranger design

Byrne, Donn; Nelson, Dave

doi:10.3758/bf03343226

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Negative stimuli are more functionally separated and more distant from each other in associative memory than positive stimuli, which are represented in denser clusters. Thus, positive stimuli are not only closer to the self but also closer to each other than negative stimuli (Byrne & Nelson, 1965;Fiedler, 1988;Schrauf & Sanchez, 2004). The density effect is also related to the higher occurrence rate of positive than negative behavior.…”

Section: Valencementioning

confidence: 92%

Toward a deeper understanding of the ecological origins of distance construal

Fiedler

Jung

Wänke

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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In the present research we elaborate on an ecological account (Fiedler, Jung, Wänke & Alexopoulos, 2012) for the unitary distance dimension postulated in construal-level theory, highlighting linguistic influences on distance regulation. We first replicate that distinct action verbs solicit similarly distant or close episodes in many judges, producing strong positive correlations between ratings of four distance aspects (time, space, probability, personal distance). A primary semantic-pragmatic dimension that accounts for a large part of the verb impact is valence: Negative action verbs trigger more distant episodes than positive verbs. Experiment 1 rules out an alternative explanation in terms of participants' mood. Experiment 2 cross-validates the valence effect with a new sample of affective state verbs. Consistent with implicit verb causality, state verbs solicit more distant episodes than action verbs, suggesting lack of intentional control and power as another semantic-pragmatic dimension. Experiment 3 supports this interpretation using high-and low-power nouns.

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Section: Valencementioning

confidence: 92%

Toward a deeper understanding of the ecological origins of distance construal

Fiedler

Jung

Wänke

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Participants ranked 10 values on the basis of personal importance and then encountered a communicator with a nearly identical or a nearly opposite value ranking. Personal values, as an important dimension of similarity, should enable a strong manipulation of similarity and a large effect of similarity on attraction (Byrne, London, & Griffitt, 1968;Byrne & Nelson, 1964, 1965. Furthermore, replicating Experiment 1 with a different manipulation demonstrates the generality of similarity's effects on reactance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deflecting Reactance: The Role of Similarity in Increasing Compliance and Reducing Resistance

Silvia

2005

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

133

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On the basis of the approach-avoid dynamics assumed by reactance theory (S. S. Brehm & J. W. Brehm, 1981) and other models (E. S. Knowles & J. A. Linn, 2004), it was predicted that interpersonal similarity can reduce reactance by increasing compliance and by reducing resistance. A communicator's similarity to the participant was manipulated by identical first names and birthdays (Experiment 1) and by congruent values (Experiment 2). People then read essays in which the communicator did or did not threaten their attitudinal freedom. Threats caused boomerang effects only when the communicator's similarity was low or unknown. When the communicator was highly similar to the participant, people agreed strongly, regardless of threat. Similarity increased the force toward persuasion by increasing liking, and it decreased the force toward resistance by making the message seem less threatening. Implications for reactance theory and for resistance to persuasion are discussed.

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“…Social psychological research has demonstrated that adults and adolescents preferentially engage in acts of cooperation and support towards those who they consider to be "like them" [3]. For example, adults prefer individuals they perceive to be similar to themselves in terms of demographics, personal beliefs and attitudes, or physical appearance [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Minimal Group Membership on Young Preschoolers’ Social Preferences, Estimates of Similarity, and Behavioral Attribution

2016

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We investigate young children’s sensitivity to minimal group membership. Previous research has suggested that children do not show sensitivity to minimal cues to group membership until the age of five to six, contributing to claims that this is an important transition in the development of intergroup cognition and behavior. In this study, we investigated whether even younger children are sensitive to minimal cues to group membership. Random assignment to one of either of two color groups created a temporary, visually salient minimal group membership in 3 and 4-year-old study participants. Using explicit measures, we tested whether children preferred minimal group members when making social judgments. We find that, in the absence of any knowledge regarding the two groups, children expressed greater liking for ingroup than outgroup targets. Moreover, children estimated that ingroup members would share their preferences. Our findings demonstrate that from early in development, humans assess unknown others on the basis of minimal cues to social similarity and that the perception of group boundaries potentially underlies social assortment in strangers.

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The effect of topic importance and attitude similarity-dissimilarity on attraction in a multistranger design

Cited by 67 publications

References 4 publications

Toward a deeper understanding of the ecological origins of distance construal

Toward a deeper understanding of the ecological origins of distance construal

Deflecting Reactance: The Role of Similarity in Increasing Compliance and Reducing Resistance

The Effects of Minimal Group Membership on Young Preschoolers’ Social Preferences, Estimates of Similarity, and Behavioral Attribution

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