The Effect of Toothpastes Containing Natural Ingredients Such As Theobromine and Caffeine on Enamel Microhardness: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of biocompatible kinds of toothpastes containing natural ingredients such as theobromine and caffeine on the enamel microhardness after demineralization. 72 maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Primary enamel surface microhardness examinations were performed using a Digital Micro Vickers Hardness Tester following the Knoop technique (50 g load for 15 s with three indentations at various points). The specimens were immersed in lactic acid (pH = 5.4) for 7 days, washed with distilled water, dried, and then retested for microhardness. According to the type of toothpaste used for brushing, all specimens were categorized as follows: Group 1, Theodent classic® toothpaste (theobromine); Group 2, Power Energy toothpaste (caffeine); Group 3, Colgate toothpaste (fluoride); and Group 4, distilled water as the negative control. The specimens were retested for enamel microhardness after brushing 2 times a day for one month. After brushing with different types of toothpaste, for all experiment groups, the increase in microhardness values in the demineralized enamel surfaces was significant and there were significant differences between them ( p value <0.05). The fluoride group had the highest microhardness and had a significant difference with the caffeine and distilled water groups, but there was no significant difference with the theobromine group ( p value <0.05). In the theobromine group, the hardness was considerably higher than in the caffeine and distilled water groups. There was no significant difference between the caffeine and distilled water groups. Theobromine toothpaste had the same remineralization effect as that of fluoride toothpaste, while caffeine toothpaste had no positive effect on the remineralization process.

Effect of A Newly Developed Home Bleaching Gel on Tooth Surface Roughness, Microhardness, and Color Change

“…Suryana et al aimed to compare the effects of toothpaste containing theobromine and hydroxyapatite on enamel microhardness after soaking in a carbonated drink. The microhardness values in the theobromine group were found to be signi cantly higher than in the hydroxyapatite group [33].…”

“…Furthermore, theobromine can inhibit bacteria and increase saliva buffering capacity [13]. In addition, theobromine blocks dentin tubules by enlarging the structure of hydroxyapatite crystals and facilitating their precipitation, and it is also effective in the treatment of dentin sensitivity [12,[17][18][19]. We believed that this agent could contribute to bleaching via the remineralisation effect, and it was thus added to the gels produced for this study.…”

Effect of inter-dental abutment distance on the impression accuracy of digital and conventional methods

“…To make a suitable restoration, the preparation of the tooth must be accurately recorded during the impression process. Obtaining acceptable restorations requires impression materials that are stable and dimensionally accurate [32][33][34][35]. Currently, additional silicone material is the gold standard material for impression-making.…”

Evaluation of BIRC6 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epithelial Dysplasia, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis

“…Oral health plays a significant role in maintaining general health [1,2]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing malignant tumor among all types of squamous cell carcinomas that occur in the head and neck region [3], ranking 18th globally in 2018 [4,5].…”