The Effect of Titanium Implant Abutment Surface Irregularities on Plaque Accumulation In Vivo

Abstract

The purpose of this study was 2-fold to: 1) evaluate in vitro the surface texture of titanium implant abutments after exposure to plastic scalers, an air-powder abrasive system, rubber cup polishing with flour of pumice, and untreated control abutments; and 2) compare plaque accumulation in humans on abutments treated with the above methods. In part I, 5.5 mm abutments were instrumented for 30 seconds per 90 degrees segment with the respective methods. The surface character was compared to untreated controls using SEM at 260X magnification. The control abutments revealed prominent milling marks and small pits; plastic scalers slightly smoothed the milling marks and created microscratches; the air-powder abrasive largely obliterated the milling marks and caused some surface pitting; the rubber cup with flour of pumice removed the milling marks and created a smooth swirl pattern. None of the instrumentation appeared to roughen the surface. In the clinical experiment (part II), four abutments, one of each type, were placed in 12 patients for a period of 7 days, during which the patients performed no oral hygiene. At the end of 7 days, the abutments were retrieved and processed for SEM. A digitizer and software program were used to determine the percent of total abutment surface area covered by plaque. The demarcation of supragingival and subgingival plaque was well delineated. The total mean percent surface area of plaque ranged from 52.06% for the air-powder abrasive to 55.29% for the plastic scalers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Detoxification of Implant Surfaces Affected by Peri-Implant Disease: An Overview of Non-surgical Methods

“…Some studies have shown that AP does not alter the physical structure of some implant surfaces, [22, 23] but others have shown that it could largely obliterate the milling marks and cause some surface pitting and irregular crater-like defects [24]. These changes are time dependent, in all specimens, a 5-second exposure did not induce deep changes in the surfaces but a 15-second exposure modified all the specimen surfaces [23].…”

Effect of Air-Powder System on Titanium Surface on Fibroblast Adhesion and Morphology

“…RE-SULTADOS: não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na morfologia entre os grupos (pϾ0,05) entretanto, o grupo de controle apresentou uma quantidade de células significativamente maior (71,44 ϩ/-31,93, média ϩ/-s.d.) em comparação com o grupo com tratamento (35,31 ϩ/-28, 14), conforme indicado por um teste t sem paridade (pϭ0,001). CONCLUSÃO: a utilização do sistema profilático de jato de areia na superfície dos pivôs de cicatrização de titânio reduziram a proliferação das células mas não influenciaram a morfologia da célula.…”

Surface modification of titanium by plasma nitriding

“…Ti as implant is problematic as long as it presents low wear resistance 5,6 . A crucial issue concerning the removal of the bacterial plaque from the transmucous dental implant cylinders is the possibility of damage by the routine instruments, such as stainless steel Gracey scaler, sonic and ultrasonic apparatus [7][8][9][10] . Such an obstacle has been bypassed using mild instrumental, but the results are not satisfactory.…”