The Effect of Time of Day on the Activity of Postemergence Soybean Herbicides

Stopps, Gregory J.; Nurse, Robert E.; Sikkema, Peter H.

doi:10.1614/wt-d-13-00035.1

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, the two-leaf phenmedipham application will allow compliance with the 21-d PHI required by the label; it will not cause delay in harvest timing (Lati et al 2015). Stewart et al (2009) and Stopps et al (2013) evaluated the impact of time of day on the efficacy of other PS II herbicides (bentazon, atrazine, bromoxynil) and found it to vary among weed species; the control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) treated with atrazine varied by 58% in the different application timings, whereas the control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) with atrazine was not affected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach

et al. 2016

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Fresh market spinach has one primary herbicide, cycloate, which does not control all weeds. Previous studies demonstrated that cycloate PRE followed by (fb) phenmedipham at the four-leaf spinach stage is a safe and effective treatment. However, this treatment is not useful for the main growing season of fresh spinach due to its short crop cycle and the 21-d preharvest interval requirement of phenmedipham. This study evaluates the potential to use the combination of cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham on two-leaf spinach. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 2014 using three spinach varieties with low (‘Nordic' and ‘Sardinia') and high (‘Regal') tolerance to phenmedipham. Greenhouse studies revealed that phenmedipham at 90 g ai ha−1was safe to Regal when applied at the two-leaf stage. Sardinia was more susceptible to phenmedipham injury under high (310 W m−2) light conditions than low (258 W m−2) light conditions. Impact of time of day on phenmedipham safety was evaluated in the field: day-long exposure to high light intensity following morning applications vs. evening applications fb exposure to low light intensity. Injury estimations taken 3 d after treatment (DAT) were lower for evening than for morning applications. Nonetheless, injury 11 DAT and spinach yield evaluations found no differences between morning and evening applications. Subsequently, cycloate (1,700 g ha−1) PRE fb phenmedipham (90 and 180 g ha−1) applied in the evening at the two-leaf stage was evaluated. A reference treatment was cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham (270 g ha−1) at the four-leaf stage. Treatments with cycloate fb two-leaf phenmedipham at 90 and 180 g ha−1were safe to spinach and improved weed control compared to cycloate alone. Cycloate fb 180 g ha−1phenmedipham at the two-leaf stage reduced weed biomass by 88% compared to cycloate alone. This level of weed control was similar to the reference treatment. Results here show that phenmedipham applied at the two-leaf stage is safe to fresh market spinach and it has the potential to be used during most of the fresh spinach growing season.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach

et al. 2016

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“…Em relação ao momento da aplicação, a aplicação das 16 horas reduziu em 77% a matéria seca e a aplicação das três horas 70% (Tabela 4). Concordando com Stopps (2013), que sugere que herbicidas de aplicação em pós emergência são mais eficazes quando aplicadas durante o dia. Testando-se três herbicidas, entre eles o acifluorfen, de modo de ação semelhante ao fomesafen, em cinco horários de aplicação, Gazziero e Fleck (1980) não encontraram diferença significativa no controle de B. pilosa.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Pontas hidráulicas, adjuvante e horários de aplicação de fomesafen no controle de picão-preto

Godinho

Júnior²,

Gontijo³

et al. 2015

RBHerbicidas

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Resumo -A aplicação de defensivos agrícolas é afetada por diversos fatores, dentre eles, destacase o momento da aplicação, que pode variar de acordo com o alvo, o produto aplicado e equipamento utilizado. Objetivou-se avaliar pontas hidráulicas, adjuvante e horários de aplicação de fomesafen no controle de picão-preto. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x2x2, com o primeiro fator constituído de quatro pontas (API-11002; jato leque simples-JLS, AD/D-11002; jato leque duplo-JLD, AVI TWIN-11002; jato leque duplo com indução de ar-JLDIA, e APM-09502; jato leque simples de impacto-JLSIP). O segundo de dois horários de aplicação (3 e 16 horas) e o terceiro de duas misturas em tanque (com e sem adição de adjuvante espalhante adesivo não iônico). Os tratamentos foram avaliados sete, 14 e 21 dias após à aplicação, através do número de plantas vivas, altura das plantas, análise visual e aos 21 dias foi feita matéria seca da parte aérea. A aplicação às 16 horas proporcionou maior controle de todas as características avaliadas, a ponta JLSIP se destacou causando maior redução de matéria seca e de plantas vivas e a adição de adjuvante potencializou o controle da aplicação às 16 horas. O horário de aplicação influencia a ação do herbicida fomesafen, sendo que, sua aplicação às 16 horas proporciona maior controle de B. pilosa em relação à realizada às 3 horas. A ponta JLSIP aumenta a ação de fomesafen e a adição de adjuvante potencializa o efeito desta ponta e da aplicação realizada às 16 horas. Palavras-chaves: Bidens pilosa; condições climáticas; horário de aplicação; inibidor PROTOX Abstract -The application of pesticides is affected by several factors. Among them, the time of application stands out, which can vary according to the target, the applied product and equipment used. This study aimed to evaluate hydraulic nozzles, adjuvant and fomesafen application time in controlling beggar's tick. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 4x2x2, with the first factor consisting in four nozzles (API-11002; even (E) flat-fan, AD/D-11002; twin flat spray, AVI TWIN-11002; air induction (AI) twin flat spray-TQ, and APM-09502; Flood jet spray). The second with two application times (3 and 16 hours) and the third in two tank mixtures (with and without the addition of nonionic adhesive spreader adjuvant). The treatments were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days after the application, through the number of live plants, plant height, visual analysis and at 21 days the dry matter of the aerial part was made. The application at 16 hours provided better 1 Recebido para publicação em 07/12/2015 e aceito em 13/02/2016.

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“…The efficiency of herbicides used in post-emergency situations in the soybean, such as chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate and imazethapyr, depends on the application time (Stopps et al 2013). In another study, higher control levels for the Ambrosia artemisifolia, Amaranthus sp.…”

Section: Circadian Clock and The Efficiency Of Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This causes herbicides to be applied over varied times and environmental conditions, which may lead to a higher or lower efficiency. This variation in control is attributed to the effect of the application time of the herbicide (time of day effect) (Stopps et al, 2013). Since these products affect several physiological processes in weeds, it is expected that the application time in relation to the circadian clock of plants is fundamental for its full effect (Martinson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Circadian Clock and The Efficiency Of Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors may explain the variations in relation to the efficiency of post-emergent herbicides on weeds, in response to the circadian clock (application time). Among them are the morphological and physiological changes, such as leaf movements, thickness of the epicuticular wax, the metabolic rate, as well as variations in environmental factors, such as the wind speed, the presence of dew, temperature, and the relative air humidity (Stopps et al, 2013). These factors change the interception, absorption and translocation of herbicides (Stewart et al, 2009).…”

Section: Circadian Clock and The Efficiency Of Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Genetic Bases of the Circadian Clock in Plants and Their Relationship with Herbicides Efficacy

Dalazen

Merotto

2016

Planta daninha

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-In order to adapt to daily environmental changes, especially in relation to light availability, many organisms, such as plants, developed a vital mechanism that controls time-dependent biological events: the circadian clock. The circadian clock is responsible for predicting the changes that occur in the period of approximately 24 hours, preparing the plants for the following phases of the cycle. Some of these adaptations can influence the response of weeds to the herbicide application. Thus, the objectives of this review are to describe the physiological and genetic mechanisms of the circadian clock in plants, as well as to demonstrate the relationship of this phenomenon with the effectiveness of herbicides for weed control. Relationships are described between the circadian clock and the time of application of herbicides, leaf angle and herbicide interception, as well as photosynthetic activity in response to the circadian clock and herbicide efficiency. Further, it is discussed the role of phytochrome B (phyB) in the sensitivity of plants to glyphosate herbicide. The greater understanding of the circadian clock in plants is essential to achieve greater efficiency of herbicides and hence greater control of weeds and higher crop yields.Keywords: time of herbicide application, weeds, photoreceptors, phytochromes. RESUMO -Para se adaptarem às variações ambientais diárias

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The Effect of Time of Day on the Activity of Postemergence Soybean Herbicides

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach

Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach

Pontas hidráulicas, adjuvante e horários de aplicação de fomesafen no controle de picão-preto

Physiological and Genetic Bases of the Circadian Clock in Plants and Their Relationship with Herbicides Efficacy

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