The effect of three chemical oxidants on subsequent biodegradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) in batch slurry reactors

Cassidy, Daniel P.; Northup, Abraham; Hampton, Duane

doi:10.1002/jctb.2140

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…() found that persulfate concentrations up to 10 g/L had no adverse impact on the native microbial community, and that persulfate was less inhibitory to indigenous microorganisms than other oxidants tested (iron catalyzed hydrogen peroxide, and permanganate). The same observation was reported by Cassidy et al () who compared the effect of ozone, modified Fenton's reagent, and iron‐activated persulfate on subsequent aerobic biodegradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene in batch slurry reactors. Richardson et al () investigated the impact of persulfate on the abundance and activity of the indigenous microbial community and on phenanthrene‐degrading bacteria present in contaminated soil from a former manufactured gas plant site.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Integrated Plume Treatment Using Persulfate Coupled with Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Shayan¹,

Thomson²,

Aravena³

et al. 2017

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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The integration or sequential use of different remediation technologies, also referred to as a combined remedy, has become an emerging strategy for the treatment of contaminated sites. Coupling chemical oxidation using persulfate with enhanced bioremediation (EBR) under sulfate reducing conditions is a plausible combined remedy. To characterize the role of the mass removal processes (e.g., chemical oxidation vs. sulfate reduction) and to quantify the impact of persulfate on indigenous microbial processes in a combined persulfate/EBR treatment system, a pilot‐scale field experiment was conducted in a 24‐m long sheet pile‐walled gate over a period of approximately 400 d. After dissolved benzene, toluene, and o‐xylene (BTX) quasi steady‐state plumes were developed, two persulfate injection episodes were performed 10 d apart to create a chemical oxidation (ChemOx) zone. High‐resolution monitoring was conducted to observe the migration of the ChemOx zone and transition into an EBR zone. Mass loss estimates and geochemical indicators were used to identify the distinct transition between the ChemOx and enhanced biological reactive zones. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was used to distinguish the dominant mass removal process, and to investigate the occurrence of microbial sulfate reduction. BTX metabolites and reverse‐transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of expressed biodegradation genes (as mRNA) were also used to characterize the response of indigenous microorganisms (especially sulfate‐reducing bacteria) to the added persulfate. Multiple lines of evidence supported the conclusion that chemical oxidation was the dominant mass removal process in the vicinity of the injection zone, while enhanced biodegradation dominated BTX degradation in the downgradient portions of the system. The CSIA and supporting molecular biological data were critical in documenting temporally and spatially distinctive zones in this system that were dominated by either chemical‐oxidation or anaerobic‐biodegradation processes. Initially, persulfate had an inhibitory impact on the activity of the indigenous microbial community, but this was followed by a substantial rebound of microbial activity to above baseline levels. The results from this investigation demonstrate that the suite of diagnostic tools employed can be used to distinguish between chemical oxidation using persulfate and the subsequent effects of the produced sulfate.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Integrated Plume Treatment Using Persulfate Coupled with Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Shayan¹,

Thomson²,

Aravena³

et al. 2017

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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“…In addition, 10–20 mM (2.7–5.4 g/L) of iron-activated persulfate increased the occurrence of PAH degrading bacteria, leading to 12–18% higher degradation efficiency compared to permanganate. Similarly, Cassidy et al [ 33 ] found that while iron-activated persulfate alone removed the least amount of DNT, the persulfate showed a minimal impact on both number of indigenous soil microorganisms and rebound time, leading to overall DNT remediation occurring in 14 days, compared to 30 and 90 days required for Fenton’s reagent and ozone, respectively. This demonstrates that designing the treatment based on what is least harmful to the microorganisms leads to more effective overall remediation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to examining the impact of the coupled treatment on removal of organics, it is important to understand the impact on the bacteria. A treatment tailored to the microorganisms is not only more cost effective, as it requires a lower quantity of chemical oxidant, but can also be quicker and lead to more comprehensive overall remediation [ 16 , 17 , 33 , 34 ]. This study looked at the viability of P. fluorescens , as the Merichem NA degrader of interest, and toxicity towards V. fischeri as the industry standard used to reflect toxicity towards aquatic microorganisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more effective overall remediation, it is important to tailor the treatment to the microbial population rather than choosing an oxidant based on the contaminant. Studies have shown that using low doses of a less aggressive oxidant leads to more efficient overall remediation for creosote [ 31 ], jet fuel hydrocarbons [ 32 ], dinitrotoluene (DNT) [ 33 ], and diesel [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, sodium persulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 8 ), or peroxydisulfate, has been gaining interest as an alternative to ozone (E° = +2.1 V), as it is a powerful oxidant, economical, and possibly less harmful toward microorganisms [ 33 , 35 , 36 ]. In addition, persulfate has a high water solubility, no odor, is effective over a wide range of pH values, has a low affinity for soil organics, and is persistent [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persulfate Oxidation Coupled with Biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens Enhances Naphthenic Acid Remediation and Toxicity Reduction

Balaberda

Ulrich

2021

Microorganisms

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The extraction of bitumen from the Albertan oilsands produces large amounts of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) that requires remediation. Classical naphthenic acids (NAs), a complex mixture of organic compounds containing O2− species, are present in the acid extractable organic fraction of OSPW and are a primary cause of acute toxicity. A potential remediation strategy is combining chemical oxidation and biodegradation. Persulfate as an oxidant is advantageous, as it is powerful, economical, and less harmful towards microorganisms. This is the first study to examine persulfate oxidation coupled to biodegradation for NA remediation. Merichem NAs were reacted with 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L of unactivated persulfate at 21 °C and 500 and 1000 mg/L of activated persulfate at 30 °C, then inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens LP6a after 2 months. At 21 °C, the coupled treatment removed 52.8–98.9% of Merichem NAs, while 30 °C saw increased removals of 99.4–99.7%. Coupling persulfate oxidation with biodegradation improved removal of Merichem NAs and chemical oxidation demand by up to 1.8× and 6.7×, respectively, and microbial viability was enhanced up to 4.6×. Acute toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri was negatively impacted by synergistic interactions between the persulfate and Merichem NAs; however, it was ultimately reduced by 74.5–100%. This study supports that persulfate oxidation coupled to biodegradation is an effective and feasible treatment to remove NAs and reduce toxicity.

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Remediation of Composite Contaminated Soil by Lead, Arsenic, Uranium and Thorium of Radioactive and Heavy Metal Using Chemical Drenching Combined with Passivation

Zhang,

Wang,

Zou

et al. 2024

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The effect of three chemical oxidants on subsequent biodegradation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) in batch slurry reactors

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Integrated Plume Treatment Using Persulfate Coupled with Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Integrated Plume Treatment Using Persulfate Coupled with Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Persulfate Oxidation Coupled with Biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens Enhances Naphthenic Acid Remediation and Toxicity Reduction

Remediation of Composite Contaminated Soil by Lead, Arsenic, Uranium and Thorium of Radioactive and Heavy Metal Using Chemical Drenching Combined with Passivation

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