The effect of the two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stevens operation on testicular growth and risk of atrophy in boys with intra-abdominal testes

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of our study was to evaluate testicular growth and risk of atrophy at different lengths of time from the 2SLF-SO in boys with intra-abdominal cryptorchidism. Material and methods: Twenty-seven boys aged one to 24 months were treated for 35 non-palpable testes. Twenty-one boys with 29 IAT underwent a two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens operation. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the TV at six time points: before treatment (TP1), 3 months (TP2) and 9-12 months after laparoscopic F-S operation (TP3), 3 months after inguinal orchidopexy (TP4), 3-6 years of age (TP5) and 7-9 years of age (TP6). The testicular atrophy index (TAI) of the affected testicle was calculated. Results: The overall success rate of treatment was 93.1% (27/29). The median volume of the affected testicles before treatment was less than the median TV of the healthy gonad, but increased systematically at the successive time points, showing significant growth between the second and sixth time points (p < 0.02, R = 2.75). The median TAI value decreased at the subsequent time points from the level of 26% at TP1 to 5.4% at TP6, with no significant difference. Conclusions: Two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stevens operation proved to be an effective procedure for the treatment of intra-abdominal testicles. The undescended testis had a chance to grow and to equalize with the healthy testis after this procedure. The incidence of testicular atrophy was low.

A nomogram for predicting risk factors of testicular salvage after testicular torsion in children

“…According to previous literature, testicular atrophy was defined as a volume difference of ≥50% between the affected and healthy testes after orchiopexy 8–10 . The training cohort was divided into two groups: the successful and failed testicular salvage groups.…”

“…According to previous literature, testicular atrophy was defined as a volume difference of ≥50% between the affected and healthy testes after orchiopexy. [8][9][10] The training cohort was divided into two groups: the successful and failed testicular salvage groups. The patients who received orchiectomy and those who experienced testicular atrophy following orchiopexy were categorized into the failed testicular salvage group, whereas those who did not develop testicular atrophy during follow-up were categorized into the testicular rescue success group.…”

Predictive value of hematological parameters in testicular salvage: A 12-year retrospective review

“…This study monitored the prognosis of children with testicular torsion through postoperative follow-up. Referring to the previous literature, patients with orchiopexy with a testicular volume difference of ≥50% between the affected testis and the contralateral testis were defined as having testicular atrophy (12)(13)(14). Patients with testicular atrophy were included in the failed testicular salvage group with those who underwent orchiectomy.…”

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

“…The testicular descent occurs between the 8th and the 35th week of gestation in two stages, of which the trans-abdominal phase (8th–15th week of gestation) is rarely disrupted [ 2 ]. Only about 5% of undescended testes (UDTs) are intra-abdominal [ 3 ], while most of the descending testes are stopped at the inguinal canal during the inguino-scrotal phase [ 1 ].…”