The Effect of the Physical States of Binders on High-Shear Wet Granulation and Granule Properties: A Mechanistic Approach Towards Understanding High-Shear Wet Granulation Process. Part I. Physical Characterization of Binders

The Effect of the Physical States of Binders on High-Shear Wet Granulation and Granule Properties: A Mechanistic Approach Toward Understanding High-Shear Wet Granulation Process. Part II. Granulation and Granule Properties

“…The hypothesis of this article is that the physical state of binders is the major factor affecting the granulation processes and the resulting granule properties. The physical state (G to R–S) change of binders after exposure to 95% RH or liquid water has been reported in Part I 18. The focus of Part II is to investigate the effect of the physical state and other properties of a binder on the granulation process as well as the mechanical properties of the resulting granules.…”

Agglomeration of Mesoporous Silica by Melt and Steam Granulation. Part II: Screening of Steam Granulation Process Variables Using a Factorial Design

“…The cellulosic binder, HPMC, contains methyl and hydroxypropyl groups that contribute to its surface activity. It was reported that the residual hydrogen bonds in HPMC prevent water from interacting with the hydroxyl groups, leading to excess water that is necessary to form a gel, whereas PVP readily turned into a solution following water adsorption . Therefore, because of these properties, along with binder and MCC concentration, HPMC and PVP were selected for this evaluation.…”

Effect of Physical States of Binders on High-Shear Wet Granulation and Granule Properties: A Mechanistic Approach Toward Understanding High-Shear wet Granulation Process, Part 3: Effect of Binder Rheological Properties

“…The same instrument and procedure as described in Part 1 of this study was used for measuring water sorption of ternary blends and some individual components (PVP K17, PVP K25, PVP K90, lactose monohydrate, and efavirenz) 1…”

“…As described in Part 1 of this study, a TA Q1000 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware) was used to obtain glass transition temperatures ( T g s) of binders PVP K17, PVP K25, and PVP K90, and the same scanning rate and temperature was used 1…”

“…As described previously,1,2 high‐shear wet granulation process, in which powder particles are agglomerated to increase their size and density, and to alter their shape, is a key unit operation in pharmaceutical and other industries such as those pertaining to food and fertilizer production 3. Compared with roller compaction, wet granulation process is more tolerable to the variability of physical and mechanical properties of the input materials (e.g., particle size, bulk density, flow, etc.)…”