The effect of the ionic liquid anion in the pretreatment of pine wood chips

Brandt, Agnieszka; Hallett, Jason P.; Leak, David J.; Murphy, Richard J.; Welton, Tom

doi:10.1039/b918787a

Cited by 300 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[372] Selected classes of imidazoliumderived ionic liquids (ILs) have shown capability for dissolving both lignin and lignocellulosic biomass itself (in sawdust form), [376][377][378][379] in particular those with strongly hydrogenbonding basic anions to disrupt hydrogen bonding networks. [380][381][382] However,t he often-associated high (aquatic) toxicities and other concerns associated with ILs still constitute barriers against their successful use in large-scale processes.For amore thorough discussion of lignin in ILs,the reader is directed to two recent review articles. [23,379] Importantly,for any depolymerisation method, the actual solubility of lignin and solvent properties will markedly differ under process conditions from those determined at room temperature.Attemperatures between 200 and 350 8 8C, under pressures higher than 10 MPa, many common solvents already experience near-critical, critical, or even supercritical conditions,c ausing the reaction medium to possess very distinguished properties.F or instance,e ven water, ah ighly polar solvent, shows as ubstantial decrease in polarity under near-critical conditions.A saresult, near-critical water is completely miscible with toluene.…”

Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis

et al. 2016

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Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with a high carbon content and high aromaticity. Despite its potential as a raw material for the fuel and chemical industries, lignin remains the most poorly utilised of the lignocellulosic biopolymers. Effective valorisation of lignin requires careful fine‐tuning of multiple “upstream” (i.e., lignin bioengineering, lignin isolation and “early‐stage catalytic conversion of lignin”) and “downstream” (i.e., lignin depolymerisation and upgrading) process stages, demanding input and understanding from a broad array of scientific disciplines. This review provides a “beginning‐to‐end” analysis of the recent advances reported in lignin valorisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the improved understanding of lignin's biosynthesis and structure, differences in structure and chemical bonding between native and technical lignins, emerging catalytic valorisation strategies, and the relationships between lignin structure and catalyst performance.

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Section: Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis

et al. 2016

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“…4,5 [C 2 C 1 im][OAc], also known as [Emim][Ac], is one of the most intensively studied candidates for use in cellulosic bio-refineries. Its advantages include an effectiveness that is independent of biomass type, [6][7][8] moderate reaction conditions in terms of time and temperature and high operating equipment compatibility. Additionally, [C 2 C 1 im] [OAc] has been shown to be both environmentally benign and compatible with organisms used for downstream conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

et al. 2015

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The cost of ionic liquids (IL) is one of the main impediments to IL utilization in the cellulosic biorefinery, especially in the pretreatment step. In this study, a number of ionic liquids were synthesized with the goal of optimizing solvent cost and stability whilst demonstrating promising processing potential. To achieve this, inexpensive feedstocks such as sulfuric acid and simple amines were combined into a range of protic ionic liquids containing the hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] -anion. The performance of these ionic liquids was compared to a benchmark system containing the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C 2 C 1 im][OAc]. The highest saccharification yields were observed for the triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate IL, which was 75% as effective as the benchmark system. Techno-economic modeling revealed that this promising and yet to be optimized yield was achieved at a fraction of the processing cost. This study demonstrates that some ILs can compete with the cheapest pretreatment chemicals, such as ammonia, in terms of effectiveness and process cost, removing IL cost as a barrier to the economic viability of IL-based biorefineries.

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Because of the high solvating ability for biomaterials, ILs have been extensively explored for the deconstruction of biomass, particularly lignocellulosic and cellulosic materials. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] ILs as cellulose dissolving solvents have been critically reviewed in Tom Welton's research group very recently. 22 Apart from cellulosic materials, the dissolution/regeneration of chitin/CH or AG has also been carried out in ILs, and useful materials have been prepared from these polysaccharides [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] (Note: there are many other biomaterials which have been treated with ILs but not referred to here as the present study intends to focus on AG and CH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of agarose–chitosan hybrid materials and nanocomposite ionogels using an ionic liquid via dissolution, regeneration and sol–gel transition

2014

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We report simultaneous dissolution of agarose (AG) and chitosan (CH) in varying proportions in an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C 4 mim] [Cl]. Composite materials were constructed from AG-CH-IL solutions using the antisolvent methanol, and IL was recovered from the solutions. Composite materials could be uniformly decorated with silver oxide (Ag 2 O) nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to form nanocomposites in a single step by in situ synthesis of Ag NPs in AG-CH-IL sols, wherein the biopolymer moiety acted as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Cooling of Ag NPs-AG-CH-IL sols to room temperature resulted in high conductivity and high mechanical strength nanocomposite ionogels. The structure, stability and physiochemical properties of composite materials and nanocomposites were characterized by several analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), CD spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron micrography (SEM). The result shows that composite materials have good thermal and conformational stability, compatibility and strong hydrogen bonding interactions between AG-CH complexes. Decoration of Ag NPs in composites and ionogels was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDAX and XRD. The mechanical and conducting properties of composite ionogels have been characterized by rheology and current-voltage measurements. Since Ag NPs show good antimicrobial activity, Ag NPs -AG-CH composite materials have the potential to be used in biotechnology and biomedical applications whereas nanocomposite ionogels will be suitable as precursors for applications such as quasi-solid dye sensitized solar cells, actuators, sensors or electrochromic displays.

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The effect of the ionic liquid anion in the pretreatment of pine wood chips

Abstract: 14.08.12 KB. Accepted version uploaded. Ok to add to Spiral, embargo period elapsed

Cited by 300 publications

References 38 publications

Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis

Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis

Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

Facile preparation of agarose–chitosan hybrid materials and nanocomposite ionogels using an ionic liquid via dissolution, regeneration and sol–gel transition

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