The effect of the interaction of dietary protein and calcium on the growth and maintenance of the bones of young, adult and aged rats

El-Maraghi, N. R. H.; Platt, B. S.; Stewart, R. J. C.

doi:10.1079/bjn19650045

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Garrow and Fletcher, 1964; Halliday, 1967). Confirming data have been obtained by studying ashed bone in rats (Yeager and Winters, 1935;Doyle and Porter, 1951;El-Maraghi et al, 1965;Shenolikar and Rao, 1968) and in humans who died from malnutrition (Toverud and Toverud, 1933). In other studies, little or no decrease (Likins et al, 1957) of bone mineral content in malnourished animals was reported.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Variations of rat skull bone robusticity evoked by malnutrition

Pucciarelli

Oyhenart

Terreros

1984

American J Phys Anthropol

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Weanling Holtzman rats of both sexes were fed a control (25% protein), a 10% protein, and a 2% protein semisynthetic diet. Protein deficit (PD) and protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) were estimated from comparisons between control and 10% protein, and control and 2% protein-fed animals, respectively. Animals were killed when they were 56 days old and their skulls cleaned and disarticulated. Individual bones and incisors were ovendried to constant weight. Total weight (TW), maximal projected length (MPL), and robusticity index (RI) were determined on each bone and incisor. It was found that all the bones and incisors did not behave uniformly. They followed two main patterns: (1) Proportional variation. RI values were not affected by nutritional deficiencies. All basicranial bones and 4 of 10 facial bones followed this pattern. (2) Non-proportional variation. RI values were affected by nutritional deficiencies. This pattern was subdivided into two trends: (2a) PD-diminished RI values. Both upper and lower incisors and 1 of 10 facial bones followed this trend. (2b) PCM, but not PD, decreased RI values. All vault bones and the remaining five facial bones followed this trend. It was concluded that there was a differential robusticity response among cranial base, calvaria, and incisors. This response may be connected with the differences in both histogenetic characteristics of those components and the functional roles they have to perform. The nonvault intramembranous bones showed a nonspecific behavior. This fact precluded the classification of the facial region in some of the previously defined patterns.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Variations of rat skull bone robusticity evoked by malnutrition

Pucciarelli

Oyhenart

Terreros

1984

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Protein-calorie malnutrition impairs new bone formation and bone collagen synthesis (35)(36)(37). Rats from each of the four groups in the present investigation were given equal amounts of food and exhibited comparable weight gains over the course of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, nutritional considerations are important in any study of bone growth (35)(36)(37)(38). Protein-calorie malnutrition impairs new bone formation and bone collagen synthesis (35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term aluminum administration in the rat. Effects on bone formation and relationship to renal osteomalacia.

Goodman¹,

Gilligan²,

Horst³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. Aluminum may be pathogenic in the osteomalacia observed in some patients receiving hemodialysis. To study the early effects ofAl on bone growth, bone formation, mineralization, and resorption were measured during short-term Al exposure in the tibial cortex of pair-fed control (C, n = 10), aluminum-treated (AL, n = 9), subtotally nephrectomized control (NX-C, n = 7), and subtotally nephrectomized aluminum-treated (NX-AL, n = 8) rats using double tetracycline labeling of bone. Animals received 2 mg/d of elemental Al intraperitoneally for 5 d/wk over 4 wk. Total bone and matrix (osteoid) formation, periosteal bone and matrix formation, and periosteal bone and matrix apposition fell by 20% in AL from C, P < 0.05 for all values, and by 40% in NX-AL from NX-C, P < 0.01 for all values. Moreover, each measurement was significantly less in NX-AL than in AL, P < 0.05 for all values. Osteoid width did not increase following aluminum administration in either AL or NX-AL. Resorption surface increased from control values in both AL and NX-AL; also, resorptive activity at the endosteum was greater in NX-AL than in NX-C, P < 0.05. Thus, aluminum impairs new bone and matrix formation but does not cause classic osteomalacia in the cortical bone of rats whether renal function is normal or reduced. These findings may represent either a different response to aluminum administration in cortical bone as contrasted to trabecular bone or an early phase in the development of osteomalacia.

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“…Poor bone growth and diminished radiological density are frequently found in human PCM (Jones & Dean, 1956) and have been confirmed in experimental models (Platt & Stewart, 1962;El-Maraghi et al, 1965). There seems to be deficiency of both cortical (Garn et al, 1964;le Roith & Pimstone, 1973a) and trabecular bone (Wayburne, 1968).…”

Section: B O N E M E T a B O L I S Mmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, it has been suggested that many protein malnourished children also have variable degrees of rickets which complicates radiological assessment (Adams & Berridge, 1969). Thinning of the epiphyseal plate is the rule (Higginson, 1954;Platt & Stewart, 1962;El-Maraghi et al, 1965;le Roith & Pimstone, 1973b), and is satisfactorily accounted for by the low somatomedin levels already referred to (Grant et al, 1973), although local availability of protein may play a part.…”

Section: B O N E M E T a B O L I S Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Function in Protein‐calorie Malnutrition

Pimstone

1976

Clinical Endocrinology

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Undernutrition is widespread. In spite of the research and development being directed towards its prevention and alleviation, the weight of numbers as well as social, cultural, economic and technological considerations make eradication unlikely in the foreseeable future. Ironically, malnutrition is often endemic in areas in which sophisticated medical facilities exist; the problem clearly goes deeper than the mere availability of medical care. But this curious juxtaposition of poverty and medical sophistication has allowed numerous workers to study endocrine function in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). As hormones such as glucagon, insulin, growth hormone and cortisol are concerned with the efficient utilization of food, storage and expenditure of energy, and the latter three hormones with synthesis of body protein, it has been suggested that adaptive changes based on alterations in hormone secretion of function might allow for better survival of the threatened individual (Monckeberg, 1968); this conclusion, however, must be regarded as speculative at present; an alternative explanation might be that they are non-specific consequences of severe nutritional deprivation.This review is not primarily concerned with hormonal changes in prolonged fasting, nor will it refer in great depth to animal models of malnutrition which, while they have the advantage of producing more precise quantitation of the deficit, may not always be relevant to the situation in man. For infantile malnutrition is not merely the deprivation of proteins and calories ; it is inevitably associated with variable degrees of vitamin and mineral deficiency, intercurrent infection and electrolyte changes. To what extent hormonal changes are attributable to malnutrition as opposed to associated phenomena is not always apparent, but these might be very relevant in considering the pathogenesis of endocrine dysfunction in the human as opposed to the experimental context.

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The effect of the interaction of dietary protein and calcium on the growth and maintenance of the bones of young, adult and aged rats

Cited by 73 publications

References 29 publications

Variations of rat skull bone robusticity evoked by malnutrition

Variations of rat skull bone robusticity evoked by malnutrition

Short-term aluminum administration in the rat. Effects on bone formation and relationship to renal osteomalacia.

Endocrine Function in Protein‐calorie Malnutrition

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