The Effect of the Increase in General Surgery Residency Openings in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of medical residency programs in all regions of Brazil, only in the last 4 years, from 2014 to 2018, there was an increase from 18,953 general spots offered for the first year of medical residency to 26,094, 37% more, this was also observed in General Surgery Residencies around Brazil. As a result, the number of general surgeons has increased substantially, from 12,430 in 2008 to 34,065 in 2018, an absolute percentage increase of 174%. These new surgeons are bringing with them their theoretical and practical knowledge already updated, regarding new techniques and surgical modalities. In this context, in the last 2 decades, video-assisted surgery has become the choice for numerous procedures in Brazil and in the World, considering its benefits for patients, such as less postoperative hospital stay and less metabolic response to surgical trauma, for example. The current study correlates the data between the increase in the number of spots in medical residency programs, related to the graduation of new surgeons in Brazil, to the increase of videolaparoscopic surgeries in the public health system. Methodology: Review and online analysis of the national electronic public health registry database - DATASUS. The most performed Surgeries in Brazil were chosen for our data analysis. Results: The results were divided into five geographically distributed areas in Brazil. At the end of the current study, the number of video-assisted surgeries increased by 233%, accompanied by a 63% increase in the number of medical residency openings and a 174% absolute increase in the number of new surgeons in Brazil at the same period. Conclusion: The current study showed that the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries in the country is related to the exponential increase in the number of medical residency spots and, consequently, to the number of new graduated general surgeons. This increase occurs more and more in a context of videolaparoscopic techniques, revealing multiple benefits already recognized for patients. We could conclude, therefore, that the increase in the number of medical residencies in general surgery - which are increasingly teaching videolaparoscopic techniques - has contributed as a complementary factor to the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries observed in all regions of Brazil.

Ensino do médico residente em cirurgia geral: proposta de ferramenta didático-pedagógica

“…No final do século XIX, o cirurgião William Halsted (1852-1922 tencionou a criação do primeiro programa de residência médica no Hospital Johns Hopkins, criando assim, novo modelo de ensino-aprendizagem na área médica (COSTA et al, 2018;SANTOS et al, 2009 apud CARVALHO, Igor Pereira de; PEREIRA, Adilson; OLIVEIRA, Ivanete da Rosa Silva de. Ensino do médico residente em cirurgia geral: proposta de ferramenta didático-pedagógica TONATTO FILHO et al, 2020). Tal ideia de organização foi importada pelo Brasil na década de 1950, inicialmente, no Rio de Janeiro, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, e no Hospital de Clínicas em São Paulo (NACUL et al, 2015;TONATTO FILHO et al, 2020).…”

“…Ensino do médico residente em cirurgia geral: proposta de ferramenta didático-pedagógica TONATTO FILHO et al, 2020). Tal ideia de organização foi importada pelo Brasil na década de 1950, inicialmente, no Rio de Janeiro, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, e no Hospital de Clínicas em São Paulo (NACUL et al, 2015;TONATTO FILHO et al, 2020).…”