The effect of the association of NIR laser therapy BMPs, and guided bone regeneration on tibial fractures treated with wire osteosynthesis: Raman spectroscopy study

Evaluation of inorganic and organic bone components after application of an apatite-coated Al2O3 implants as scaffolds for bone repair

“…This procedure aimed to the adequacy of legislation of rational use of animals in the experiments. The number of animals per group (n=3) was chosen based on a previous study (Lopes et al 2007). The animals were submitted to the anesthesia with Ketamine Chloride (50 mg/mL) (Dopalen ® , Sespo Indústrias e Comércio Ltda, Paulínia, SP, Brazil) and Xylazine (20 mg/mL) (Anasedan ® , Sespo Indústrias e Comércio Ltda, Paulínia, SP, Brazil) in the proportion of 1:1 (0.1 mL for each 100 g of animal weight).…”

“…After the insertion of the implant, the periosteum was repositioned and suturing was performed up to the skin (#4.0 silk suture, Somerville ® , São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil). After 30 days (Lopes et al 2007;Pinheiro et al 2008), the animals were euthanized with an overdose of barbiturates (sodium pentobarbital -60 mg/kg Tiopentax ® , Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos, Itapira, SP, Brazil). This period for euthanasia was chosen because of previous evidences of increased amount of well-organized bone trabeculi formed after 30 days (Pinheiro et al 2008).…”

Raman spectroscopy of bone composition during healing of subcritical calvarial defects

“…In this study, we prepare the subcritical and shallow calvarial defects to investigate the exact site of fracture injury without any perturbation to the callus formed during healing. This will help to investigate the site of healing for better identification of the variation in bone chemical composition and not require callus removal prior to Raman spectroscopy [19,20].…”

Use of laser fluorescence in dental caries diagnosis: a fluorescence x biomolecular vibrational spectroscopic comparative study

“…Although the mechanism of Raman scattering is different from that of infrared absorption, it provides additional information and its applications include structural and multicomponent qualitative and quantitative analyses. This technique has been used in different areas as a noninvasive diagnostic resource of biological samples, such as periimplant and bone healing, and combination with biomaterials (10)(11)(12).…”

“…Some of the main Raman bands on tissues are at ~575, ~960, ~1450 cm -1 . The ~1450 band is attributed to amide I and amide III stretching modes as well as to the bending and stretching modes of CH groups of lipids and proteins; the ones at ~960 and ~575 cm -1 are attributed to phosphate and fluoridated apatite, respectively (11,12).…”