BREAST IMAGING D igital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increases the incidence of screen-detected breast cancer (SDC) when compared with standard digital mammography (DM) in paired and nonpaired prospective trials and retrospective studies (1-4). Results of a randomized controlled trial performed in Italy using DBT in combination with standard DM versus DM alone also support these findings (1). However, a randomized controlled trial performed by our group in Bergen, as part of BreastScreen Norway, had a different conclusion (5). In the latter trial, we found that DBT that includes synthetic two-dimensional mammography (SM) (hereafter, DBT+SM) yielded a breast cancer detection rate similar to that of DM. Purpose: To identify differences in screening outcomes, including rates of recall, false-positive (FP) findings, biopsy, cancer detection rate, positive predictive value of recalls and biopsies, and histopathologic tumor characteristics by density using DBT combined with two-dimensional synthetic mammography (SM) (hereafter, DBT+SM) versus DM. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial comparing DBT+SM and DM was performed in Bergen as part of BreastScreen Norway, 2016-2017. Automated software measured density (Volpara Density Grade [VDG], 1-4). The outcomes were compared for DBT+SM versus DM by VDG in descriptive analyses. A stratified log-binomial regression model was used to estimate relative risk of outcomes in subgroups by screening technique. Results: Data included 28 749 women, 14 380 of whom were screened with DBT+SM and 14 369 of whom were screened with DM (both groups: median age, 59 years; interquartile range [IQR], 54-64 years). The recall rate was lower for women screened with DBT+SM versus those screened with DM for VDG 1 (2.1% [81 of 3929] vs 3.3% [106 of 3212]; P = .001) and VDG 2 (3.2% [200 of 6216] vs 4.3% [267 of 6280]; P = .002).