The effect of tensile stress on the thermoelectric E. M. F. in copper, gold, and silver

Amuzu, J. K. A.

doi:10.1002/pssa.2210630151

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Annealed devices demonstrate a 2.7× decrease in PTE response compared to unannealed devices, further confirming that distributions of dislocations and strain associated with microscale orientation variations beyond changes to granular structure can play a considerable role in the thermoelectric response of micro-and nanoscale devices. While uniform tuning of Seebeck response had previously been examined in macroscopic, polycrystalline wires (17)(18)(19), the present measurements provide a new perspective on local variations of S due to defects, dislocations, and strain.…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Although there is not a single unique solution for the spatial variation in S, the simulations provide insight on the overall magnitudes of changes in S required to produce the magnitude and length scales of the observed PTE voltages. For a sense of scale, measurements on bulk polycrystalline gold wires imply that tensile strain of 100% would change the bulk S by 6.3 µV/K (18). The small changes in S inferred from the simulations would then correspond to effective local tensile strains of ∼ 0.15%, though caution is warranted in any comparison with macroscopic measurements on polycrystalline wires.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Thermoelectric response from grain boundaries and lattice distortions in crystalline gold devices

Evans

Yang

Gan

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The electronic Seebeck response in a conductor involves the energy-dependent mean free path of the charge carriers and is affected by crystal structure, scattering from boundaries and defects, and strain. Previous photothermoelectric (PTE) studies have suggested that the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline metal nanowires are related to grain structure, although direct evidence linking crystal microstructure to the PTE response is difficult to elucidate. Here, we show that room temperature scanning PTE measurements are sensitive probes that can detect subtle changes in the local Seebeck coefficient of gold tied to the underlying defects and strain that mediate crystal deformation. This connection is revealed through a combination of scanning PTE and electron microscopy measurements of single-crystal and bicrystal gold microscale devices. Unexpectedly, the photovoltage maps strongly correlate with gradually varying crystallographic misorientations detected by electron backscatter diffraction. The effects of individual grain boundaries and differing grain orientations on the PTE signal are minimal. This scanning PTE technique shows promise for identifying minor structural distortions in nanoscale materials and devices.

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Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Thermoelectric response from grain boundaries and lattice distortions in crystalline gold devices

Evans

Yang

Gan

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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show abstract

“…In contrast with our previous work, these changes in S are too substantial and occur on length scales too large to arise only from crystallographic defects and strain associated with misorientation. Tensile measurements from the literature conducted on polycrystalline gold imply that 100% strain would change the bulk S by 6.3 μV/K . In order to account for the magnitude of change in S shown in this work, our sample would be required to undergo over 50% strain, which is nonphysical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Trace Impurity Gradients in Noble Metals by the Photothermoelectric Effect

et al. 2021

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Trace impurity concentrations in noble metals can have profound effects on chemical and physical properties, yet detecting these impurity concentrations remains a challenge using typical spectroscopic characterization tools and specialized techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry. In this work, we demonstrate that the photothermoelectric effect can be leveraged to detect low-concentration platinum gradients in wire-shaped gold nanostructures with high sensitivity. The photothermoelectric voltage measurements show significant contributions from platinum impurities to the bulk Seebeck coefficient of gold at length scales that agree with theoretical platinum diffusion lengths. Using finite element modeling, the Seebeck distribution is calculated for the gold− platinum system, showing that even a 0.01% variation in platinum concentration along a 1 μm length of gold wire can contribute significantly to the local Seebeck coefficient. These measurements indicate that the photothermoelectric effect can be a highly sensitive tool for detecting low-level impurity concentrations in host metals in a wire geometry.

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“…where: α -the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) which is dependent only on the properties of the contacting materials. The objective of this research was to determine the correlation between the TEMFC and the degree of deformation of the materials [15][16][17][18][19][20], and use it to identify the relative strain of the metal specimens tested. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

et al. 2018

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This study provides experimental verification of analytical results on maximum strain ε max in elements fabricated by bending a stainless steel wire around a cylinder with given dimensions. The method of measuring the thermal electromotive force (TEMF) of a thermocouple formed by joining the deformed metal specimen to a copper (Cu) conductor showed an increase in the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) during heating with increasing degree of plastic deformation. For known values of plastic deformation produced by straining X5CrNi1810 stainless steel wire specimens of ∅2.8 mm diameter, the TEMF was determined as a function of the extent of deformation of the thermocouple consisting of the deformed steel wire specimen and the copper conductor. Based on the correlation (calibration curve), it was shown that the relative strain of the element fabricated by bending the same wire (made of X5CrNi1810 stainless steel, ∅2.8 mm in diameter) around the cylinder of ∅10 mm diameter is 23.8 %.

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The effect of tensile stress on the thermoelectric E. M. F. in copper, gold, and silver

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Thermoelectric response from grain boundaries and lattice distortions in crystalline gold devices

Thermoelectric response from grain boundaries and lattice distortions in crystalline gold devices

Detection of Trace Impurity Gradients in Noble Metals by the Photothermoelectric Effect

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

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