The paper presents a methodology of optimization of the gating system for sand casting using the genetic algorithm. Software package for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) was used as the support to the design and verification of the optimized gating system. The geometry of the gating system of sand casting in excavator tooth holder was the subject of optimization. The objective was to maximize filling rate given the constraints posed by both the ingate module and Reynolds number. Mold filling time has been presented as a function of the ingate cross section and casting height. Given the conditions above, as the result of the optimization, a complete geometry of the gating system has been defined. Numerical simulation (software MAGMA 5 ) has been used to verify the validity of the optimized geometry of the gating system.
The paper proposes methodology of feeder design and optimization for sand casting process. Casting part is a part of excavator buckets, i.e. holder of the cutting tooth. Process of design and optimization is based on the application of the rules, which are the result of many years of work researchers in the field of metal casting. Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used as a methodology in the design of feeders. Genetic Algorithm (GA) as an artificial intelligence technique is used in the optimization process of the feeder geometry. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is used as methodology that involves numerical simulation of the casting process. Numerical simulation is used to verify the validity of the optimized geometry of the feeding system.
Original scientific paper Modern design of the machine tool treats the suspending parts as a crucial element of the effective vibration isolation. Therefore the suspending items are specifically developed and subjected to extensive tests before being applied on real objects. These elements ensure accurate levelling and appropriate vibration damping. Usually selection of inadequate support element causes intensive disturbing effects in machining. The paper presents dynamics analysis of the machine tool suspended on flexible mountings. The overall analysis is conceived on a rigid body dynamics. This method enables selection of an optimal supporting configuration. Further on such an effective suspension design prevents a need for expensive monitoring of the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical system, i.e. machine tool and supports. The paper explores dynamics of a real, flexibly supported machine tool. Results are obtained with the assistance of the "SUPPORT" software. Finally the theoretical and computational statements are approved throughout extensive site measurements on the machine tool body with appropriate instrumentation. Keywords: dynamics analysis; experiment; machine tool; software; transfer function Dinamika sustava krutih tijela u optimizaciji vibroizolacije alatnih strojevaIzvorni znanstveni članak Suvremeni razvoj alatnih strojeva tretira oslonce kao presudne elemente u vibroizolaciji. Zbog toga su oslonci posebno razvijeni i podvrgnuti opsežnim testovima prije primjene na realnim objektima. Oni osiguravaju precizno niveliranje i amortizaciju vibracija. Neodgovarajući izbor oslonaca uzrokuje neželjene efekte u procesu obrade. Rad prezentira analizu dinamike alatnog stroja oslonjenog na fleksibilne oslonce. Ukupna analiza je koncipirana na dinamici krutih tijela. Ova metoda omogućava izbor optimalne konfiguracije oslanjanja. Ovako efikasan razvoj oslanjanja eliminira potrebu za skupim nadzorom strojnog sustava, tj. alatnog stroja i oslonca. U radu je dana analiza dinamike fleksibilno oslonjenog alatnog stroja u realnim uvjetima. Rezultati su dobiveni pomoću softvera SUPPORT. Konačno, teorijski i računarki rezultati potvrđeni su opsežnim mjerenjima na alatnom stroju, odgovarajućom mjernom opremom.
The thermal electromotive force (TEMF) and the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) of the thermocouple consisting of a copper wire and an (X5CrNi1810) steel wire plastically deformed under tension or bending conditions were found to increase with increasing degree of plastic deformation. The increase in the degree of deformation disturbs the microstructure of steel due to increases in the density of chaotically distributed dislocations and internal microstress, resulting in a decrease in the electron density of states near the Fermi level. Through the effect of thermal energy, annealing at elevated temperatures up to 300 o C leads to microstructural ordering along with simultaneous increases in the free electron density of states, TEMF and TEMFC. Based on the temporal change of the TEMF, the kinetics of microstructural ordering was determined. During the initial time interval, the process is a kinetically controlled first-order reaction. In the second time interval, the process is controlled by the diffusion of reactant species.
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