The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (O. kisutch)salmon stocks

Abstract

. (2003). The effect of temperature on swimming performance and oxygen consumption in adult sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon stocks. J. Exp. Biol. 206,[3239][3240][3241][3242][3243][3244][3245][3246][3247][3248][3249][3250][3251] In both the on-line and printed versions of this paper, some of the equations in the legends to Figs 2-4 were printed incorrectly.On page 3245, in the legend to Fig.·2, the two equations should read:M O 2 routine =2.12+0.09e 0.18t (ambient; broken line) and M O 2 routine =1.39+0.54e 0.08t (adjusted; solid line).On page 3246, in the legend to Fig.·3 The authors apologise for any inconvenience these errors may have caused.Temperature has been coined the 'ecological master factor' for fish (Brett, 1971), and important physiological functions such as growth, swimming performance and active metabolic rate can have species-specific temperature optima that are near a species-preferred or acclimated temperature (Fry, 1947;Brett, 1971;Dickson and Kramer, 1971;Beamish, 1978;Houston, 1982;Bernatchez and Dodson, 1985;Johnston and Temple, 2002). Thus, when fish are exposed to temperature changes, they can obtain optimal performance by altering either their behaviour (preference/avoidance) or their physiology (adaptation and acclimation), when the temperature change is sufficiently long. Certain short-term variations in temperature may be unavoidable, however, and this is particularly the case for adult migratory salmon that are returning to their natal streams to spawn. For example, water temperatures in one of the world's greatest salmon-bearing rivers, the Fraser River, BC, Canada, may vary annually on a given date by as much as 6°C. Furthermore, the river temperatures encountered by the Early Stuart stock of Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during its 25-day migration can vary by as much as 10.5°C (Idler and Clemens, 1959) and reach up to 22°C .Given the adult salmon's short migration window and its exposure to a wide variation in temperature, it is possible that acclimation mechanisms that would normally compensate for temperature change may be incomplete. Conversely, Guderley and Blier (1988) suggest that swimming performance and most of its components demonstrate thermal compensation on an evolutionary time scale (i.e. adaptation) such that optimal performance and lowest thermal sensitivity are typically within the temperature range most frequently encountered by the organism. In the case of adult salmon stock, the prediction is that they would retain sufficient physiological flexibility to accommodate the range of temperatures most frequently Our knowledge of the swimming capabilities and metabolic rates of adult salmon, and particularly the influence of temperature on them, is extremely limited, and yet this information is critical to understanding the remarkable upstream migrations that these fish can make. To remedy this situation, we examined the effects of temperature on swimming performance and metabolic rates of 107 adult fish taken from three sto...

A Comparison of the Physiological Condition, and Fishway Passage Time and Success of Migrant Adult Sockeye Salmon at Seton River Dam, British Columbia, under Three Operational Water Discharge Rates

“…Average water temperatures in the Seton River were 16.38C and 15.08C during the months of August and September, respectively. These values are very close to the optimal temperature for aerobic scope in adult Gates Creek Lee et al 2003). Thus, the environmental conditions experienced by the sampled fish in 2005 may have minimized migration-related stress, particularly in the lead up to capture at Seton River Dam.…”

“…Water temperatures were slightly cooler (an average decline of ;28C) during the lowest, and final, discharge period, yet passage time was the same as that observed during the highest, and first, discharge period. The fact that water temperatures throughout the study were close to the optimal range for maximum aerobic scope in adult Gates Creek sockeye salmon (Lee et al 2003) may partially explain this lack of effect, and why fish were in relatively good physiological condition following passage. Although there was a seasonal decline in discharge in both the Fraser and Seton rivers, there did not appear to be an interaction between temperature and discharge, suggesting that seasonal changes in river flow and temperature did not confound our results.…”

Interrelationships between feeding, food deprivation and swimming performance in juvenile grass carp

“…EPOC is a measure of the capability to recover from fatigue and is positively related to anaerobic respiration (Lee et al 2003b, Fu et al 2009). It has been reported that EPOC is associated with circulating catecholamine and the gluconeogenic-glycolytic and triglyceride-fatty acid cycles (Gaesser & Brooks 1984, Bahr 1992.…”

Impact and Adaptation Responses of Okanagan River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to Climate Variation and Change Effects During Freshwater Migration: Stock Restoration and Fisheries Management Implications

“…Sockeye adults migrating through the Columbia and Snake River mainstem were generally exposed to temperatures that exceeded their assumed 15 o C optimum for physiological and swimming performance (Brett, 1995;Lee et al, 2003). However, temperature observations at several dams indicate that sockeye never encountered lethal temperatures (>24 o C, Servizi and Jensen, 1977).…”