The Effect of Temperature and Mixing on the Density and Viscosity of Jojoba-diesel Fuels

Abstract

The density and viscosity of several jojoba oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (B10, B20, B30, B50, and pure fuels B0 and B100) were measured for almost the first time according to the corresponding ASTM standards. In order to predict these properties, mixing rules are evaluated as a function of the volume fraction of biodiesel in the blend and also to check the validity of the mixing rules. The absolute percentage deviations obtained were low, demonstrating the suitability of the used mixing rules. The jojoba biodiesel and its blends have slightly higher density and viscosity, however, the kinematic viscosity may be lowered significantly by increasing the temperature of the fuel. The current work presented lacking data for the jojoba biodiesel and its blend with diesel. These data are required for further experimentation of the fuel, or for simulation and modeling purposes.

Rheological Properties of the Jojoba Biofuel

“…The results are obtained through shear stress and viscosity measurements at different shear rates (0-500 s −1 ). Further, the effect of different temperatures (30,50,70, and 90 • C) has also been studied to understand the heating cycle (30-90 • C) and cooling cycle (90-30 • C).…”

“…The jojoba plant can live for approximately 200 years under severe atmospheric conditions. The obtained oil contains long molecular chains, and the majority of the molecules contain 40-42 carbon atoms [29,30]. Several studies have investigated the combustion of jojoba biofuel on its own, mixed with diesel fuel in diesel engines [21,29,[31][32][33][34] or furnaces [33,35], as the dual-fuel mode [36], or even as solid waste [35].…”

“…Several studies have investigated the combustion of jojoba biofuel on its own, mixed with diesel fuel in diesel engines [21,29,[31][32][33][34] or furnaces [33,35], as the dual-fuel mode [36], or even as solid waste [35]. In addition, the properties of the jojoba oil biofuel have been studied, measured, and modified to suit diesel engines [30,37]. It has been shown by [37] that the viscosity could be reduced by adding diethyl ether or by heating the biofuel produced.…”

The Vital Uses of Jojoba Oil and Its Derivatives in Daily Life and the Petroleum Industry

“…Jojoba oil has high seed energy potential and negligible SO x emissions and relatively lower NOx emissions are exhausted when burned. This makes jojoba oil therefore an alternative fuel [85][86][87][88][89][90].…”

“…Jojoba oil is a source of significant combustion energy and stable at a diesel engine's high operating temperature. The oil itself and the biodiesel it produces have viscosities slightly outside the normal range of diesel fuel, but the jojoba-driven biodiesel can be circumvented in a mixture with standard diesel (Table 4) [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95].…”