The Effect of Temperature and Starvation on the Clearance of Bacteria From the Bloodstream of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson)

Abstract

The blood clearance of 51Cr-labeled heat-killed Salmonella pullorum was generally biphasic and exponential for each phase. Starvation had little significant effect on this pattern, although the rate of first phase clearance was probably slower. Raising the water temperature from 8 degrees C to 18 degrees C enhanced the rate of clearance of the second phase to almost exactly double that at 8 degrees C. At 18 hr postinoculation, the spleen contained much more radioactivity per gm than any other tissue. This finding is in marked contrast to earlier work that showed that at 1 hr postinoculation, the kidney contained the most, and it suggests that redistribution of bacteria occurred. The most distinct effect of temperature stress on tissue localization of bacteria was in the heart: A rising temperature stress caused increased numbers of bacteria to localize within the heart. Less clear-cut changes were also seen in other tissues with different treatments. With the possible exception of starvation effecting a slower first phase clearance rate, we have been unable to demonstrate that the vascular clearance mechanisms, including the reticuloendothelial system, are significantly compromised by raising the water temperature or by starvation.

Resident sinusoidal macrophages in the liver of the brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus): An ultrastructural, functional and cytochemical study

“…The resident hepatic sinusoidal macrophages in the present study closely resembled in ultrastructural detail the resident macrophages found within the kidney, atrium, and spleen of other teleost species (Ferguson, 1975;Ellis et al, 1976;Ellis, 1980;Ferguson et al, 1982Ferguson et al, , 1984. In the plaice, atrial macrophages readily phagocytosed intravenously injected carbon particles but not heat-killed bacteria (Ferguson, 1975).…”

“…Clearance of carbon injected intraperitoneally into the plaice was accomplished primarily by macrophages located in the spleen, kidney, and atrium of the heart (Ellis et al, 1976;Ellis, 1980). In the rainbow trout, macrophages located in the kidney were primarily responsible for clearance of heatkilled bacteria injected into the dorsal aorta (Ferguson et al, 1982(Ferguson et al, , 1984. In these species, hepatic sinusoidal macrophages were apparently absent.…”

Renal portal phagocytosis of bacteria in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson): ultrastructural observations

“…No mitotic figures within sinusoidal macrophages were seen in this study, however. There was no obvious difference in bacterial uptake at the electron microscope level between anterior or porterior kidney, and this endorses the quantitative study (Ferguson et al 1984) using "Cr-labelled bacteria in which levels of radioactivity per gram of tissue were, approximately the same in both regions after their clearance from the bloodstream.…”